Marketing Ppt

PROJECT REPORT OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT GUIDED BY:PRESENTED BY: Prof. T. T. NIRANJANNITIN BANSAL 129278039 RANJAN SAHU 129278041 ROHIT MANGAL 129278053 SAURABH SINHA 129278057 Project Report On| | | | Taxonomy of Implementation Problems in VMI| | Contents Executive summary3 Introduction4 Under the typical business model:4 Vendor Managed Inventory model:4 Consignment Inventory:4 Vendor Managed Inventory and Stakeholder’s Challenges5 Challenges faced in implementation of Vendor Managed Inventory7 Analysis of Cases of implementing Vendor Managed Inventory9 Conclusion11 References12 Executive summaryThe goal of Vendor Managed Inventory is to provide a mutually beneficial relationship where both sides Customer and Vendor will be able to control the availability and flow of goods more smoothly and accurately. In  VMI  a manufacturer or distributor assumes the role of inventory planning for the customer. Extensive information sharing is required so that the manufacturer/distributor can maintain a high degree of visibility of its goods at the customer’s location. Instead of the customer reordering when its supply has been exhausted, the supplier is responsible for replenishing and stocking the customer at appropriate levels.Wal-Mart has mastered  VMI  and is the company against which many other organizations benchmark themselves. This report covers various issues that are to be considered to implement the Vendor Managed Inventory. It is realized in the report that several risks are to be considered while executing VMI. The proper analysis is done in seeking the scenarios where one issue becomes a key factor in deciding to implement VMI or not. Both Marketers and Distributors have their own issues to challenge the implementation of VMI. Focus of the report is to determine taxonomy of implementation problems in VMI.Introduction A means of optimizing Supply Chain performance in which the manufacturer is responsible for maintaining the distributorâ€℠¢s inventory levels. The manufacturer has access to the distributor’s inventory data and is responsible for generating purchase orders. We can see the differences in maintain inventory as: Under the typical business model: When a distributor needs product, they place an order against a manufacturer. The distributor is in total control of the timing and size of the order being placed. The distributor maintains the inventory plan.Vendor Managed Inventory model: The manufacturer receives electronic data (usually via EDI or the internet) that tells him the distributor’s sales and stock levels. The manufacturer can view every item that the distributor carriers as well as true point of sale data. The manufacturer is responsible for creating and maintaining the inventory plan. Under VMI, the manufacturer generates the order*, not the distributor. *Note: VMI does not change the â€Å"ownership† of inventory. It remains as it did prior to VMI. Consignment Inventory:When the supplier places inventory at a customer’s location and retains ownership of the inventory. Payment is not made until the item is actually sold. A VMI relationship may or may not involve consignment inventory. Vendor Managed Inventory and Stakeholder’s Challenges Vendor Managed Inventory primarily have various stakeholder’s involved which includes Vendor/Manufacturer or distributor and retailer. Let us examine challenges faced by each: Challenges in VMI Implementation from vendor’s side High administrative costs: – Suppliers would have to face higher administrative costs.They will have to allocate additional staff resources to properly manage the replenishment activities that were previously managed by the retailer. So to overcome these additional costs, vendors must have to save enough money from the inventory costs and sufficient sales volumes and gross margins Loss of market share due to less shelf coverage: – VMI would help in reducin g the inventory which could lead to the less coverage of the shelf space on the retailer’s shop which might lead to the reduction in the market share for that product.To resolve this issue, vendor can provide more stock keeping units of the same product to fill the shelf space and to maintain the market share. Challenges in VMI Implementation from retailer’s side Loss of Control: – If VMI is implemented, then there is always a fear in the mind of the retailer that he would loose his control over the operations management. All the decisions like when to order, how much to keep as inventory and when to sell the product would be managed by the vendor now which can also have some impact on the profit margin of the retailer.Eg. In many cases, Vendor gives discounts to the retailer if they buy in bulk and hence above mentioned questions become crucial for the retailer from financial point of view. In case of products with high shelf life, he might want to order in bul k once, instead of ordering in small lots. Danger of being replaced: – Retailer would be afraid that after implementing of VMI, when almost all the operations management related decisions are taken by the vendor, then the vendor might also think of forward integrating.Hence he would not be fully cooperative in sharing of the data and he would always try to make his presence felt in decision making to show the importance of his role. Fear of losing other vendors: – The retailer would be afraid of losing other vendors, since in the FMCG business; retailers get products from a lot of vendors to maintain variety for the customers. It would be difficult to choose the vendor who will manage the inventory, because the same vendor would be biased towards his products.This would lead to the development of bad relationship between the retailer and the other vendors. After implementation of VMI, forecasting of demand is done by the manufacturer, not by the retailers or distributo rs and it might hit back, if manufacturer is not competent in judging the patterns of the consumer demand. Challenges faced in implementation of Vendor Managed Inventory Personal Factors Trust: – One of the most important factors which can contribute to the success of the VMI is trust and good relationship between the vendor and the downstream retailer.But in the FMCG sector, where there are a lot of products in the same segment, most of the retailers are unwilling to share their data related to their sales with anyone, even with their supplier. This leads to the ineffective communication between them and both have to incur huge inventory and management costs. Work ethics and cultural differences: – Each company has its set of work ethics and work culture and if the difference is huge for a vendor and the retailer, then their decisions would not be aligned. Technical IssuesTechnology is one of the most critical factors in facilitating the implementation of VMI which ca n also stand as a challenge in the implementation of VMI. A lot of technical systems would have to be installed for the effective working of the VMI. Some of the technical solutions that can facilitate an effective VMI arrangement include: †¢ Electronic data exchange (EDI). EDI transactions can enable suppliers to efficiently manage customer inventory levels remotely. †¢ Replenishment software. These applications allow customers to accurately assess projected service levels (i. . the percentage of requests that can be filled from stock) based on various inventory investments. †¢ Bar coding or radio frequency identification (RFID). These technologies â€Å"tag† products for tracking purposes and can dramatically improve the speed and integrity of the collection and reporting of consumption data. †¢ Forecasting software. These applications gather and analyze information from sales, accounting, order entry, and other business systems, using sophisticated algo rithms and predictive modeling techniques to generate fast, accurate demand forecasts.Investment- A lot of investment would be required to install and maintain any of these systems. Properly equipped manpower would be required to operate these tools. Investment would also be required to integrate these tools with each other for efficient functioning of the VMI operations. All this cost would have to be incurred by the vendor and to compensate this cost, he must get returns from the efficient inventory management and higher sales volume due to less stock-outs. Testing- It requires a lot of time and money in testing the various VMI systems after installing them.An extensive testing has to be done for the EDI system before giving it a final green flag for the VMI system. Analysis of Cases of implementing Vendor Managed Inventory Let’s discuss some cases where VMI is implemented: Barilla Spa Case Barilla is largest manufacturer of â€Å"fresh† and â€Å"dry† pasta p roducts with more than 1000 SKUs. It has sales of around $2B and very stable demand at retail level. Challenges it was facing are as under: Retailers didn’t have large inventories to accommodate new products introduced from time to time.Stock outs are quiet frequent at DO’s. Thin margins for both manufacturers and retailers are adding to the problem. Solution offered through VMI: Downstream distribution Center (DC) reports inventory and sales data electronically to Barilla on a daily basis. Barilla is managing the inventory of DC and decides how much to ship to them. According to  Industry Week's Best Plants 2006 Statistical Profile, 56% of the top 25 plants between 2002 and 2006 have used â€Å"resident suppliers† to manage or replenish inventory.However, the average percentage of purchased materials and components (dollar volume) managed by on-site suppliers is only 13. 7%. So, it seems, there is a time and place for vendor-managed inventory. For example, if you've got an expensive manufacturing line and you ask one of your key suppliers to put in the systems and develop the expertise to supply the goods you need on a just-in-time basis, they will do that if they receive a significant portion of their revenues from you, says Steve Banker, service director of supply chain management at ARC Advisory Group, Dedham, Mass. However, you may have a lot of suppliers where you are only 1% of their total revenue — you are not their biggest priority,† Banker says. â€Å"The chances that they will take on added responsibility and costs to manage your inventory is low. † So we can see that size of the business does matter in determining the feasibility of implementing VMI.In addition, there is a certain amount of IT integration that has to go on in order to make the VMI relationship work. For suppliers, they need to be able to get your forecasts on a regular basis, make intelligence out of them and have visibility into your inve ntory levels on an ongoing basis,† says Banker. â€Å"Turning that into useable intelligence is kind of difficult. Small and midsized companies often don't have the dedicated IT resources to make that happen, so they struggle. † â€Å"Resident Suppliers† Manage/Replenish Inventory (% Of Plants) Year| No| Yes| 2002| 44| 56| 2003| 52| 48| 2004| 48| 52| 2005| 32| 68| 2006| 44| 56| 2002-2006| 44| 56| Source: Industry Week's Best Plants 2006 Statistical ProfilePercentage Of Purchased Materials And Components (Dollar Volume) Managed By On-Site Suppliers Year| Median| Mean| Minimum| Maximum| 2002| 5. 0| 24. 4| 0. 0| 100. 0| 2003| 0. 0| 12. 2| 0. 0| 100. 0| 2004| 4. 0| 15. 2| 0. 0| 70. 0| 2005| 6. 0| 13. 8| 0. 0| 67. 0| 2006| 4. 2| 15. 1| 0. 0| 95. 0| 2002-2006| 3. 0| 13. 7| 0. 0| 100. 0| Source: Industry Week's Best Plants 2006 Statistical Profile Similarly, we have case of P&G which successfully employed Vendor managed Inventory while ODLO isn’t so successful in implementing the same.Also companies like RUAG aren’t having any financial or strategic benefit out of implementing VMI and hence didn’t go for it. If we analyze the sector in which they operates we come to know, RUAG which is in Airlines sector involves comparatively simpler inventory to maintain while the risk involved in giving away the details was higher. On the other hand, with the scale of business P&G is in, it is beneficial for both manufacturer (vendor) as well as distributor (or Retailer) to implement VMI. It can be seen both scale and sector favors P&G.GRENDENE, one of the world's largest footwear manufacturers, implemented Agentrics' Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) solution and aligned its product replenishment process with the real demand of regional distributors/customers, thus increasing service level, optimizing stocks and boosting sales. ACHIEVED RESULTS: Increase of accuracy in sales forecasts; Increase of sales by 47% for participating retailers; Imp roved management of a product mix, by reducing or discontinuing low-performance and low-turnover products;   Streamlined replenishment of high-performance products;Excellent overall result with customers using the solution. VONPAR With Agentrics' VMI solution, acquired a full, web-based supply chain KPI tool. Vonpar Refrescos, Brazil's fourth largest Coca-Cola bottling company with products reaching 14 million consumers, implemented Agentrics' Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) solution and with it acquired a complete web-based KPI tool. KPI's track internal and client stock levels, demand planning, order administration, as well as automation of Vonpar's product replenishment process, improving service and optimizing stock levels, while improving customer relationships.ACHIEVED RESULTS : Average sales increase of 26 percent in the first 12 months after the solution's implementation; Significant increase in sales of juices, tea and beer, which reflects improved stock planning for great er availability of products at store level; Maximized speed in the exchange of sales information at store level; Stock optimization allowing Vonpar to have the right product at the right time in the right place; Commercial team freed up to focus on avoiding out-of-stocks. SYNGENTA Implemented Agentrics' VMI solution to manage stock jointly with its suppliers.Syngenta, a world-leading agri-business committed to sustainable agriculture through innovative research and technology, implemented Agentrics' Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) solution to manage stock in conjunction with its suppliers ACHIEVED RESULTS: Reduction of communication errors through process automation and visibility to inventories. â€Å"Today, our customers say that for the first time in the agricultural market, a company is able to co-manage inventory demand like large retail chains,† says Marcos Mazza, Supply Chain Manager. NeoGrid has a solution that perfectly suits our business model; Syngenta did not have to adapt to the tool, as the solution metall our needs. † Marcos Mazza, Supply Chain Manager. Conclusion The main purpose of this report is to highlight the taxonomy of implementation problems in VMI. From the cases visited, we can deduce that various factors play key roles in determining whether to go for Vendor Managed Inventory as there are lot of issues and cost involved in implementing the same.Size of the business, Sector of the business in operation, inter-relationship among stakeholders all plays equally important role in the actual decision making. Though there is no clear cut understanding on whether to implement VMI or not but one can easily concur with increasing role of technology and with dynamic demand it is only going to rise.References Williams, M. (1998). Making Consignment and Vendor-Managed Inventory Work For You. APICSInternational Conference. Schreibfeder, J. (1997). Vendor Managed Inventory: there’s more to it than just sell products. Effective In ventory. com Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment Committee. (1998)  Jointly Managed Inventory Approach Provides a Lower Level of Detail. CPFR. Org http://www. scm. ethz. ch/publications/Practitioner_publications/Niranjan_etal_2011_Are_you_ready_for_VMI. pdf http://www. emeraldinsight. com/journals. htm? articleid=1620974;show=abstract http://openarchive. cbs. dk/handle/10398/8229 http://www. supplyon. com/vendor-managed-inventory_at_zf. html http://www. industryweek. com/procurement/vendor-managed-inventory-size-matters

A career in chemistry

IntroductionCandidate, who chooses chemistry as a career, must have passion to know about science and chemical substances. Chemistry is a branch of the science which explores the composition, properties, and transformation of substances and various elementary forms of matter. All human activities deal with a material world, which consists of chemicals, both natural and manufactured.Chlorophyll, hemoglobin, and insulin are examples of natural chemicals that are essential to life. Chemistry has great significance in understanding the environment, enhancing methods of producing, processing, and packaging food and making automobiles protected and more fuel-efficient.Candidates who complete the chemistry major are knowledgeable in all aspects of modern chemistry. In graduation program, students cover course work in the major sub-disciplines of chemistry, organic, inorganic, physical, biological, and analytical.The syllabus of chemistry allow the student to choose array of career choices w hich include chemistry, medicine, law, business, chemical physics, environmental science, and secondary school teaching. If candidate wants to become chemist, he has to complete undergraduate training to produce new products for the chemical-processing industries, execute tests and evaluations of existing products and the environment, and carry out basic research (http://careers.ns.utexas.edu).Job descriptionChemistry offers number of careers. Chemistry is a major subject of science. Candidates trained in chemistry or the chemical sciences may develop the ability which can be utilized in various fields. For example chemists prepare medicines that treat many diseases (www.science-engineering.net).Candidates who are interested in chemistry subject must possess many skills which include ability to make critical observations and appropriate decisions, ability to operate scientific equipment, ability to organize and maintain accurate records, ability to conduct and clearly explain scient ific research, proficiency in reading, writing, speaking, and memorization, sensitivity to the health and safety of others.In chemistry, candidate can also do courses in professional schools such as medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, occupational health, optometry, MBA programs and policy studies. Job of chemistry teacher is to teach courses for the chemical and physical properties and compositional changes of substances. They teach the methods of qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis. Teachers primarily engaged in teaching and many professionals can involve in teaching as well as research (http://www.careerplanner.com).Basically, chemistry lecturer deliver lectures to undergraduate and/or graduate students on topics such as organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and chemical separation, supervise students' laboratory work, evaluate and grade students' class work, laboratory performance, assignments, and papers, compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assig n this work to others, maintain student attendance records, grades, and other required records, prepare course materials such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts, maintain regularly scheduled office hours in order to advise and assist students, plan, evaluate, and modify curricula, course content and course materials and methods of instruction.Chemistry Lab teaching assistant is responsible to assist the Professor for conducting laboratory experiments (http://www.bethanylb.edu/). Chemists may involve in applied research projects which develop new products, or they may be engaged in theoretical research exploring new facts that may ultimately lead to new products. Many chemists work as administrators of these research projects or as executives in industry and government.

A Moment That Changed My Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

A Moment That Changed My Life - Essay Example Some may be extraordinary events or moments while others may be ordinary situations that all over a sudden have a great impact on how you perceive life. About seven years ago, I almost lost both my brother, Raphael and my best friend Sonia. Call it a double tragedy. This was one of the most devastating moments in my life, and I still remember the events of that fateful day, seven solid years after it happened, like it was just yesterday. My life was completely changed.It was that chilly January afternoon that my little brother, my best friend and I decided to take a trip to the beach to have our dry suit certification for underwater ice diving after we completing a long tiresome but enjoyable training. Little did we know of the events that were later to unfold. We had everything ready, we went through preparations as usual and had our gear packed as we embarked on our trip. My uncle Joseph, who had been with us throughout our training sessions, had already gone ahead of us and was al ready at the beach waiting for us. Our parents had instructed him to take care of us while at the beach.At the beach, there were about nine or ten other people who were also eager to get the event started. We teamed up with my uncle, who was working with the instructors in giving us all the information we needed to get started. We quickly changed into our gears ready to dive into the cold water. In pairs, we began jumping in to the water as the instructor and my uncle watched carefully. My turn came and I dived in with my brother.  While in the water, Sonia left her partner and came to swim with my brother and I. We went deep to the level that we had been instructed. At this time, the air in our tanks was almost ending and we started swimming upwards looking for a way out for fresh air. I signaled my brother and Sonia to go first while I followed them up.  

PLEASE SEE ATTACHED DOCUMENT FOR TOPIC AND SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS Essay

PLEASE SEE ATTACHED DOCUMENT FOR TOPIC AND SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS - Essay Example Despite the fact that the New York State Department of Education has embodied the belief that art education held the potential to be invaluable in the lives of children and adolescents, it has systematically been the first area targeted in times of budgetary need. The fight for and over arts education has been one that has effectively and efficiently led to a longstanding advocacy for its inclusion in the daily curriculum. Ultimately, the arts in the schools became something to fight for and over the next ten years, arts activists associated with New York City's vast array of cultural organizations and arts institutions emerged to do so. They began using artists to fill in the breach. They used the financial support of arts funders to develop existing arts outreach programs and to create new institutions whose mission was to educate public school children. Over time, more than one hundred of the city's arts organizations, from the major institutions down to the tiniest fragile dance ensembles, developed a roster of "teaching-artists" in a wide range of art forms — collage, African drumming, Chinese calligraphy, modem dance, opera, flamenco, and puppetry, to name a few — who would visit public school classrooms. In the early years, they would visit each classroom several times and present performances. As time went on, the teaching rather than the performance took precedence and teacher engagements got longer until they involved typically ten to sixteen visits (Horowitz & Ingram, 2005).

Read attachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Read attachment - Essay Example In his thesis, Turner points out that America is unique due to a number of reasons that include the settlement by White people, the existence of large areas of free land and its continuous recession as well as the Westward advancement of American settlement. He further argues that it is these three attributes that are the central story of American history. A number of historical events can be noted to arguably support this thesis. One of these events is the Bacon’s rebellion. The Bacon’s rebellion is noted to have occurred over a period of several months in Tidewater Virginia. The rebellion was brought about by a rapidly growing shortage of available land as well as the colony’s relatively complicated relations with both the hostile and friendly tribes of Native Americans. Noble (42), points out that in one of his essays, Turner points out that the Bacon’s rebellion was essentially the first attempt of the American people to attempt to throw out both the British authority as well as the colonial aristocracy. As is characteristic of Turner’s thesis, the eastern authority was able to gradually push inland into the American frontier to the fall line of the rivers that served to end the existence of this first frontier. Turner’s thesis is also noted to be supported by the ideology behind Manifest Destiny. The ideology behind this phrase was that it was indeed the providential mission of the United States to ensure that it extends itself over the frontier as this was essentially a God-given national right. In this regard, the American frontier is noted to have quickly moved across the nation although this was not done in a uniform manner. Americans believed that all the land spanning form the Pacific to the Atlantic should be filled. When all this area was eventually filled in 1893, Turner proclaimed that the American Frontier was closed. It was during this time that the United States started moving towards a

Final essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Final - Essay Example She outlines the theme of oppression and power in similar ways. The struggle for power was between the slaves and the owners of plantations who were equally ruling these slaves (Butler 9). However, the novel also shows the struggle for power between the slaves themselves. The slaves were struggling to be in higher or better ranks of slavery that is, the â€Å"field-hands† slaves were fighting to become â€Å"house slaves.† This was because the slaves who worked in the whites’ homes were entitled to proper housing conditions, could eat better foods and were expected to perform less harsh jobs. In her article, Octavia reiterates that in as much as the slaves had to vie to work as house slaves, working in the whites’ houses came with many challenges. These problems were mostly faced by the women who worked there since those roles could mostly be taken up by the females. She gives an example of female slaves who reported rape cases within themselves to maintain their positions of being house slaves. They never had their personal freedoms with their sexual body and could be inhumanly harassed by their owners. This condition of slavery makes Butler create a portrait of emotional charge showing the cruelty in slavery with all the accuracy in history that she can muster (Butler240). The novel points out the aspect of feminism in the slaves’ oppression. Dana is an example of the female slaves who went through domination in 1976, having attained only 26 years by the time of enslavement (Butler29). This shows how the most vulnerable of the blacks (the women) were exploited by the whites’ power since they could not fight for themselves. Dana further expresses her pain in parenthood stating that she seemed to be the worst possible parent. It felt so demeaning bringing up a child in a society where she felt so inferior (Butler 77). The theme of motherhood in slavery is equally emphasized in the novel.

Strategic Evaluation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Evaluation Paper - Essay Example It has stood out ahead of its competitors by designing outstanding products that has left its competitors outsmarted. Having being pioneered by their leader late Steve Jobs Apple has stamped its authority in the technology world. Having all this it is important to understand that Apple has to formulate other different strategies for it to survive and outshine the rest of its competitors and also to try and embrace change as this time very few companies are surviving these days. Apple needs to focus more on innovation. For example during the latest launch Apple focused on Apple pay a new way that its customer can pay for services. Value addition may be very important for its customers as this promises its customers a different variety of service. With the world becoming integrated Apple pay will help the company in cementing its position. It is therefore important that innovations stand out (Jorgeson, 2012). Apple also needs to focus on cost effectiveness of its products. It has been associated with high prices of its product and for the multinational having to understand even though countries are recover from recession spending more money is not a friendly decision to take so it is thus important that Apple tries to find way in which it can minimize the cost without affecting the quality of the product. The fact that its products are unique, and multinational it is important to note, that in as much as Apple wants to be the market leader very few people from Asia and Africa can afford its products. Also the foreign currency fluctuations can be a great threat for its product and it is important to factor and use a stable currency so as to protect its financial implications (Kevin, 2011). Apple also a face a challenge in protecting is brand with many competitors trying to copy so as cash in on sales. Having long battle with other leaders such as Samsung will be a key factor how to go

Kaizen Costing and Target Costing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Kaizen Costing and Target Costing - Essay Example Target Costing Process: Mostly companies use target costing to project visible cost targets for any new products they seek to establish in the market. The targets set by companies are very aggressive. The idea behind this approach is to maximize cost control and ensure that profit is as steep as possible. The process begins when a company's top management establishes its target cost for the new product. For instance a Chrysler Neon or Caterpillar Excavator. The cost estimating group in the company will break the costs for the whole product into cost targets for sub-assemblies and individual components of the product. These could be engine, the transmission seats, the steering, the gear, the covers, the paddle, the clutches etc. Mostly a gap exists between the target costs as well as the cost projections for the new product based on current designs and manufacturing capabilities of the product. The real deal lies in narrowing down the gap that exists between the cost projections and target costs through cost reduction. This is where the cross functional teams come into play. By analyzing modes of manufacturing involved, process associated with the product, the raw material requirements and the costs, they figure out the cost saving opportunities. The following paragraphs will focus on the approach applied by DaimlerChrysler and Caterpillar deployed target costing in their companies. In these companies, target costing is supported by a matrix organizational structure which has both horizontal as well as vertical functional teams.

Job Statement Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job - Personal Statement Example Part of my current role as Support Assistant is to prepare learning material for these children, according to their abilities. I have also regularly worked with a private speech and language therapist, and have found this experience both useful and satisfying. Apart from this, I have liased with two outreach teachers from special schools in the borough, to make provisions for two autistic children I currently support. At Uphall, having worked in the nursery and foundation stages, I have had exposure to existing practice and procedure. My NVQ 2 and my Diploma in Social Work have helped in this. Besides, my BA (Hon) degree in primary education has enabled me to acquire in-depth knowledge of childhood studies and the connected policy aspect, ranging from the Discrimination Act to Every Child Matters and the S.E.N code of practice. My strengths in the curriculum are in Maths and I.C.T activities as well as in other languages.

Films and Filming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Films and Filming - Essay Example On the other hand cinema is making the viewer believe that the train coming towards him is real, making the unreal look real. These two qualities of Cinema led to the division of cinema into documentaries and feature films. Of these the feature films or story telling films developed into the commercial cinema or the mainstream cinema. The revolt against the commercialization of the art of cinema led to the emergence of the experimental cinema. Side by side with these the documentary cinema existed as one of the greatest traditions of cinema. This paper examines Hollywood Cinema as a model of Commercial cinema or the main stream cinema. The French New wave film movement, with Jean Luc Godard and his film Breathless will be analyzed as an example for the experimental cinema. HOLLYWOOD: Hollywood, in Los Angeles, California is all about stars and glitter. The area now known as Hollywood was sparsely populated in the seventeenth century when the Spanish explorers entered there .Santa Mon ica Mountains towered over the area and in the canyons of these mountains lived the Native Americans. By 1870s the area was a flourishing agricultural area, with crops like hay and grain, bananas and pine apple. In 1910, film maker D.W. Griffith working for Biograph Company, came to Downtown Los Angeles, and with his acting troop to shoot films. Thus it was Griffith who shot the first ever movie in Hollywood, then without a studio. The film was called â€Å"In Old California†. It was a Biograph melodrama.

Oppressed Caribbean Culture Essay Example for Free

Oppressed Caribbean Culture Essay Caribbean culture, in so far as it is conceded to exist, is at once the cause, occasion, and result of evolved and evolving paradoxes. The psychic inheritance of dynamic response to disparate elements interacting to find ideal, form, and purpose within set geographical boundaries over time could not have produced otherwise. The 1990s have witnessed no less of this, precisely because the decade serves to encapsulate contradictions in human development over the past half a millennium. The entire Caribbean, and indeed all of the modern Americas of which the Caribbean, like the United States, is only one part, are the creatures of the awesome process of cross-fertilization following on the encounters between the old civilizations of Europe, Africa, and Asia on foreign soil and they, in turn, with the old Amerindian civilizations developed on American soil long before Christopher Columbus set foot on it. It is a development that has helped to shape the history and modern condition of the world for some half a millennium and one that has resulted in distinctive culture-spheres in the Western hemisphere, each claiming its own inner logic and consistency. The Caribbean, at the core of which are a number of island nations, themselves in sub-regional groupings, is conscious of the dynamics of its development. For it rests firmly on the agonizing and challenging process actualized in simultaneous acts of negating and affirming, demolishing and constructing, rejecting and reshaping. Nowhere is this more evident that in the creative arts, themselves a strong index of a peoples cultural distinctiveness and identity. Admittedly, other indices of culture such as linguistic communication, which underpins the oral and indigenous scribal literatures of the region, religion, and kinship patterns, reveal the texture and internal diversity that are the result of cross-fertilization of differing elements. The result is an emerging lifestyle, worldview, and a nascent ontology and epistemology that all speak to Caribbean historical experience and existential reality, in some cases struggling to gain currency and legitimacy worldwide (and even among some of its own people) for being native-born and nativebred. For this is the original meaning of Creole. Whites born in the American colonies were regarded as creoles by their metropolitan cousins. And the Jamaican-born slaves were similarly differentiated from their salt-water Negro colleagues freshly brought in from West Africa. The term was soon to be hijacked by or attributed to the mulatto (half-caste) who defiantly claimed certified rootedness in the coloniesa status not as easily claimed by the person of African or European descent whose ancestry lay elsewhere, it was felt, other than in the Caribbean or the Americas. An understanding of the shared human thirst for freedom in terms of its cultural significance is critical. For the impulses that drive the Caribbean people (like people anywhere) to freedom within nation states, to the right to choose their own friends and political systems, and to independent paths to development are the same impulses that drive them to the creation of their own music, their own languages and literature, their own gods and religious belief-systems, their own kinship patterns, modes of socialization, and self-perceptions. All plans made for them from outside must take this fact into account, whatever may be the dictates of military and strategic interests or the statistical logic of tabulated growth rates and gross national products. The Caribbean people, faced as they are with the post-colonial imperative of shaping civil society and building nations, expect to be taken seriously in terms of their proven capacities to act creatively in coordinated social interaction over centuries in the Americas. They feel passionately that their history and experience are worthy of theory and explanation and expect others to understand and appreciate this fact. They are unique, paradoxically because they are like everybody else. The Caribbean has been engaged in freedom struggles and its inhabitants have been at the job of creating their own languages, and designing their own appropriate lifestyles for as long as and, in some cases, longer than most parts of what became the United States. Recognition of this and the according of the status due such achievement is a prized wish of all Caribbean peopleBlack, White, Mestizo, Indian (indigenous and transplanted), Chinese, and Lebanese. By general critical consent, the principal women writers in English to emerge, so far, from the Caribbean are the properly varied trio of Jamaica Kincaid (Elaine Potter Richardson) and Jean Rhys. I say properly varied because the immensely mixed political and social history of the Caribbean is reflected by and in its writers. Kincaid, the most experimental of the three, is seen by her admirers as a deliberate subverted of Dead White European Male modes of narrative. Yet any reader deeply immersed in Western literature will recognize that prose poetry, Kincaids medium, always has been one of the staples of literary fantasy or mythological romance, including much of what we call childrens literature. Centering almost always upon the mother-daughter relationship, Kincaid returns us inevitably to perspectives familiar from our experience of the fantasy narratives of childhood. Kincaid genuinely expresses her regard to Caribbean as those that have been creolized into indigenous form and purpose distinctively different from the original elements from which those expressions first sprang. With some of those original elements, especially those from a European source, themselves reinforcing their claims on the region, whether through politics, economic control, or cultural penetration, the Caribbean is becoming even more conscious not only of its own unique expressions but also of the dynamism and nature of the process underlying these expressions. These in turn constitute the basis for the claims made for a Caribbean identity. Jean Rhys, of Creole Dominican descent, is a formidable contrast to Marshall and seems to me the major figure to emerge thus far among Caribbean women writers. Though she lived mostly in Paris and England, the imagination of Rhys came fully alive in her novel of 1966, Wide Sargasso Sea, a remarkable retelling of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre from the perspective of Bertha Mason, Rochesters mad first wife. The terrifying predicament of the 19th-century Creole women of the West Indies, regarded as white niggers by colonialists and as European oppressors by blacks, is presented by Rhys with unforgettable poignancy and force. Shrewdly exploiting the modernist formal originalities of her mentor, Ford Maddox Ford, Rhys achieved a near masterpiece in Wide Sargasso Sea. Allusive, parodistic, and intensely wrought, the novel remains the most successful prose fiction in English to emerge from the Caribbean matrix. In Wide Sargasso Sea, the starting point is this placelessness. Although Rhyss novel starts with Antoinettes childhood in Coulibri, its boundaries lie outside the novel in another womans text. In Jane Eyre we have the madwoman Bertha locked up in the attic of Thornfield Hall. The significant title Wide Sargasso Sea refers to the dangers of the sea voyage. Rochester first crosses the Atlantic alone to a place which threatens to destroy him, then once more, bringing his new wife to England. Both Rochester and Antoinette are transformed through this passage. Rochester gives Antoinette a new name, Bertha, and in England she finally is locked up as mad. Rhys finds her own place in Jane Eyre, a prisoner of anothers desire. She sets out to describe that place and, in doing that, she redefines it as her own. In her challenge to Jane Eyre, Rhys draws on the collective experience of black people as sought out, uprooted, and transported across the Middle Passage and finally locked up and brutally exploited for economic gain. She uses this experience and the black forms of resistance as modes through which the madwoman in Jane Eyre is recreated. In the film version Wide Sargasso Sea develops stereotypes of Black West Indians that strongly mirror Bogles discussion of classic film depictions of African Americans. The inner stereotype in the film is that of the tragic mulatto which, the film hints, describes Angelique, the evidently White child who has been raised by Blacks. Although Angelique insists on her Whiteness, a menacing dark skinned stranger claims at diverse points in the film to be her brother through her fathers relationship with a slave. The viewer is left to consider whether the widowed plantation owner seen at the beginning of the film is actually Angeliques mother. While it does not answer this question directly, it obviously shows through Angeliques actions that her culture is far more African than European. These suspicions, actions, and Angeliques reliance on the ex-slave Christophine ultimately destroy her marriage and drive her insane. Christophine, herself, fulfills the mammy role since the film portrays her as a constant presence who fiercely guards Angelique from all dangers. In the West Indian context, though, she is given a twist, as she is not only guardian angel but also a practitioner of the magical art of obeah. This portrayal a staple of films dealing with the West Indies is never completely developed. Nevertheless, the film permits us to witness its potency, as Angelique, despairing of keeping her husbands love, calls on Christophine to develop a magical potion to bind his affections to hers. One opponent for those affections is Emily, a young Black servant who might well be characterized as a female Black buck a sexual predator who seduces a married White man into interracial unfaithfulness. Finally, there is Nelson, the long-suffering head of the household who intimately approximates Bogles Tom. In the film, insults of various sorts that are directed towards him result only in silence and a determination to remain a faithful servant. Though, in Dominican novelist Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea (1966), the islands riotous vegetation and dramatic landscape are depicted with an ominous intensity that prompts the protagonists English husband to equate it with evil. Lally, the narrator of another Dominican classic, Phyllis Shand Allfrey The Orchid House ( 1953), faced with the menacing power the islands nature exerts over Stella and Andrew, ruefully concludes that the island offered nothing but beauty and disease. Rhyss protagonists, most evidently Antoinette in Wide Sargasso Sea, share a view of England as deadening, grey and emotionally destructive. England is a place of hypocrites, and the English have a bloody, bloody sense of humour. With a West Indian accent, she goes on, and stupid, lord, lord (Wide Sargasso Sea: 134). But it remains Rhyss place, the source of those English books which provided an early contribution to her construction of herself as writer. The idea of definitive national origin and affiliation is a source of anxiety for Rhyss protagonists. For Rhys herself nationality was complicated by her exile and her race: also England did not value her Caribbean origins. For Rhyss women, as perhaps for herself, England is also a place where human emotions, especially those associated with sexuality, are outlawed or repressed; she described sex in a letter of 1949 as a strange Anglo-Saxon word (Abalos, David T. 1998, 66). Hemond Brown comments that Rhyss attitude to England remained remarkably consistent over her whole writing career: For those fifty-odd years, England meant to her everything she despised (Bandon, Alexandra. 1995). But despite this, she surely demonstrated in her characterisation of working-class English chorus girls and call girls and Rochester (perhaps informed by her important attachments to Lancelot Grey, Hugh Smith, Leslie Tilden Smith and Max Hamer, all upper- or middle-class Englishmen), that the poor Englishwoman and even the colonizing, socially secure Englishman have their own areas of serious emotional damage. She may have blown off steam sometimes, but in her fiction she took pains to be fair to the country which had both given her sustained literary identity and denied her dignity. In the Caribbean, complex racial narratives are the most powerful signifiers, although class increasingly reverberates now. In England, in Rhyss lifetime, it was the class narrative which primarily constructed identity, though Rhys clearly writes the importance of race as a formative self-construction from her Dominican childhood. She sometimes sees race and class as equally important even in England, as in the case of Selina, who carries Rhyss own outlaw status during an important period of her life. In the two explicitly Caribbean novels, Voyage in the Dark and Wide Sargasso Sea, race is evidently a major source of identity. Jean Rhys had long described the cultural dialectic of his regions historical experience and contemporary reality in the following way: But the tribe in bondage learned to fortify itself by cunning assimilation of the religion of the Old World. What seemed to be surrender was redemption. What seemed the loss of tradition was its renewal. What seemed the death of faith was its rebirth. Caribbean existential reality is here portrayed as a creature of paradox. Surface appearances may well be masks for their opposites. What one sees is not likely to be what one gets. Other similar manuscript was in Goodbye Mother by Reinaldo Arenas, the grief inundated daughters Ofelia, Otilia, Odilia and Onelia kill themselves in front of their dead mum just for their cadavers to occasion a series of triumphant choruses from the legion of rats and maggots who feast on the putrefactory banquet. Neither of these authors, nor the evenly talented Rene Depestre and the former Dominican President Juan Bosch, is Anglophonic. Its usually believed that the most excellent Caribbean literature in English consists of chronological polemics On the other hand Cristina Garcia novel â€Å"Dreaming In Cuban† tells the stories of the women of a Cuban family, scattered by revolution but still connected through a shared past. The narrative is polyphony of several voices who, in turn, describe their world from their viewpoint. Characters include Lourdes, an anti-Castro exile who runs a chain of Yankee Doodle Bakeries, and Felicia, whose perceptions connect and blur the lines between insanity and santeria. Pillar, Lourdess daughter and an aspiring punk artist, is determined to return to Cuba to reconnect with her grandmother and make her present life meaningful. She laments that history does not tell the important stories and longs to recover Cuba for herself: [T]heres only imagination where our history should be (138). In the title of Dreaming in Cuban, Dreaming includes all the diverse dreams of Garcias female protagonists about the nature of being Cuban, what it is to be Cuban, to dream, not in American, but in Cuban. This necessitates Garcias taking into account all the conflicting elements of contemporary Cuban-ness for Cuban and Cuban American women. Amazingly, she never invalidates or disputes the diverse and conflicting perspectives of these different dreamers. She succeeds by giving readers a complexity of experience beyond binaries, where many diverse and conflicting perspectives circle around one another endlessly. These differences are constructed by differences in the various ideologies that the characters embrace communism, capitalism, traditional gender relations, voodoo, and feminismand also by differences in their experiences due to varying historical locations in time and place.

Australia and China Tade Essay Example for Free

Australia and China Tade Essay China is a country located in East Asia. It is the worlds most populous country, with a population of over 1.35 billion. China is the fourth largest country in the world behind Russia, Canada, and the United States. Australia is a continent and a country in the Southern Hemisphere, lying to the south of Southeast Asia, which divides the Indian and South Pacific Oceans. The population of Australia is 23 million. In 2009 China surpassed Japan to become Australias largest export market, the Australian and Chinese economies are strongly complementary. As a result, our trade and investment relationship is substantial and has developed well beyond its modest beginnings in the 1970s. According to Australian statistics, two-way merchandise trade has grown from $113 million in 1973, just after the establishment of diplomatic relations, to $78.2 billion in 2009. China is Australias largest trading partner, with total trade (goods and services) in 2009 valued at $85.1 billion, an increase of 15.1 per cent over the previous year. Government and/or NGO Roles: The Australian Government established the Australia-China Council (ACC) in 1978 to promote mutual understanding and foster people-to-people relations between Australia and China. The Chairperson is appointed by the Executive Council on the recommendation of the Minister for Foreign Affairs, who also appoints the Board members. The function of the Council is to make recommendations to the Australian Government through the Minister for Foreign Affairs on strengthening the Australia-China relationship in ways that support Australias foreign and trade policy interests. The Australia China Business Council (ACBC) is a membership-based, non-profit, non-governmental organisation comprising of a National Office, six Branches, and more than 1500 representatives from over 700 Australian companies who do business with China. Founded in 1973, ACBC actively promotes two-way trade and investment, and economic cooperation and understanding, between the business communities of Australia and China. ACBC plays an influential role as an advisor to the Australian Government on commercial relations with China. They are a strong supporter of the Free Trade Agreement between Australia and China to foster more competitive business in both nations. Founded in Beijing in 1996, The China-Australia Chamber of Commerces (AustCham Beijing) overriding goal is to advance Australian Business in China. It functions to provide members with the information, resources and contacts they need to succeed in China. The Chamber maintains a good working relationship with the Australian Embassy and with the various Australian government departments in China. AustCham is a non-profit organization, which operates independently from government. It is funded entirely by their membership and Chamber activities. Together with their sister AustChams in Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, they work to promote strong trade and investment links between Australia and China. Treaties and Agreements- formal and/or informal: On the 18th of April 2005, Australia and China agreed to commence negotiations on a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) following consideration of a joint FTA Feasibility Study. The study was completed in March 2005, and concluded that there would be significant economic benefits for both Australia and China through the negotiation of an FTA. From April 2013, WESTPAC and ANZ banks will now be the first to directly trade Australian dollars into Chinese Yuan. Due to this fact, deepening of relationships between China and Australia, it signals deepening of trade connections and great opportunities for future growth. Advantages and Disadvantages to Australia of this link: Advantages: Employment will increase in exporting industries and workers will be displaced as import competing industries fold (close down) in the competitive environment. With free trade many jobs have been created in Australia, especially in manufacturing and service industries Consumers benefit in the domestic economy as they can now obtain a greater variety of goods and services. The increased competitions ensure goods and services, are supplied at the lowest prices. Disadvantages: This can impact upon large numbers of workers, their families and local economies. Often it can be difficult for workers to find employment in growth industries and government assistance is necessary. This means that businesses, employees and consumers are more vulnerable to downturns in the economies of our trading partners. Future Direction of link: Australia and China share a strong and rapidly growing trade and economic relationship. Further strengthening and deepening this relationship is a major priority for both countries, with both governments committed to sustaining the impressive trade and investment performance achieved in the past two decades. In that time, China has become Australia’s largest two-way trading partner and vital to Australia’s future economic prosperity.

The Depiction Of Amores Perros Film Studies Essay

The Depiction Of Amores Perros Film Studies Essay During the twentieth century, Mexico was experiencing an era of economic instability and an obvious division of social classes. In Amores Perros Ià ±Ãƒ ¡rritu, the director brilliantly portrays the distinction in the separation of the classes, and the effect of the economy on society. In Amores Perros, Daniel, Octavio, Susana, and El Chivo represent the three social classes in Mexico, the rich, the poor, and extreme poverty. Octavio and Susana clearly represent the lower class. Ià ±Ãƒ ¡rritu emphasizes the lack of comfort and space through the characters dialogue and setting. Perhaps the timing of release was precise, (Mexico was weeks away from its presidential elections that broke the 70 year term of one-class ruling), but Amores Perros (Gonzalez-Ià ±Ãƒ ¡rritu, 2001) a ground-breaking Mexican film under new Latin American Cinema made record-high box office success within its very first few weeks of showing. Its sheer braveness and boldness at showing reality of life in the city served to shock and reveal to millions of people how modern-day life was in the one of the busiest energy hotspots of the World; of a world brimming with positive and negative energy, that lead people to the brink of despair. The metropolis is presented as exclusively Mexican, yet one that is not dissimilar from other cities in Latin America, whereby violence, self-interest and lust are omnipresent and whereby, as much as they are fundamental to ones survival, are also the very reason for ones downfall. Ià ±arritus interpretation of the DF (Mexico City) is a reflection of society that lives in constant fear, under great pressure, and in complete turmoil, literally and psychologically. He has produced an intimate social study of the people that make up and shape the city into what it is to this day. Without exaggerating the lack of law and order, he demonstrates that for the majority of its city-dwellers, the underworld is the only option if one is to survive. The director hooks us into the diegetic world of the film by condensing into three interconnected stories the images of the general pain of daily life as well as the social, political, and economic inheritance of todays alienated youth and the elder s who have prepared this crushing scenario for them.1 Ià ±arritu decided to reveal the more sinister side of what it is like to be living in the DF, and offered the viewer a subtle criticism of the Mexican political situation that feeds the rich and abandons the poor. In certain aspects his interpretation of the city differs from the way cities are shown in other Latin American and Hollywood films. His DF is as real as real gets; you win some and you lose some, but that is simply the way life goes. An ideal comparison is that with the 2000 Hollywood film by Steven Soldbergh, Traffic, which also combines three distinct stories into one, whereby one of the plots is set in Mexico. Interestingly, the director chose to use a handheld camera for the Mexican scenes only. The Mexican story appears grainy, rough, and hot to go with the rugged Mexican landscape and congested cities (1b). Shot through a sepia lens, it gives Mexico City a feel of a sleepy, developing-world frontier city, as opposed to Ià ±arritus interpretation of a cutting-edge modern metropolis. Soldbergh contrasted the sepia-tinged Mexico with a blue tinged USA,, whilst Ià ±arritu, on the other hand, used skip bleach and tinged the images with blue. Steven Soderbergh chose Hollywood stars namely Catherine Zeta Jones, Michael Douglas and Benicio Del Toro to play the leading roles which gives an unreal sense to the film, keeping the viewers one step away from reality. It demands the viewer to accept certain ludicrous tw ists. What further sets it apart from the viewer is that the plot involves high-profile characters such as the CIA, High Court American judges, and famous drugs cartels. What sets Amores Perros apart from other films that represent the city is that the characters are real, and based on characters one would meet in the street. Most filmmakers living in Mexico City have turned a blind eye to its problems or treat them superficially and hence fail to face reality. Ià ±arritu has not. Instead he has chosen to project a broader segment of society by looking at a trilogy of situations and characters interwoven across the class lines and geographies of contemporary urban Mexican society.'(2) Gonzalez-Ià ±arritu broke the expectation that many people had with regard to their view of the future of Latin American cinema. As he said himself, I am not a Mexican with a moustache and a sombrero and a bottle of tequila () nor am I a corrupt cop or a drug trafficker. There are millions like me. And this is the world I live in and the one I want to show.'(2b) In Amores Perros Ià ±arritu shows the consequences brought on a society from a city that offers nothing but a proliferation of social injustice, political corruption and neo-liberal dogma. However, although Ià ±arritu did to some extent take on serious social and philosophical issues, Amores Perros had a principal objective to entertain. Because the film did not receive any governmental funding, Ià ±Ãƒ £rritu was able to experiment with the social and cinematographic content. Crime and violence are key themes in the film, yet, unlike Hollywood, these events are not sensationalized but instead are presented rather mundanely. The story of Octavio and Susana is the most emotionally tense of the three and involves high levels of violence, self-interest and lust. However, all the stories work together, each with its individual tone and rhythm, in order to create a fuller image of life in the city. Fast editing, such as in the dogfight scenes, forbids the viewer from obtaining a real understanding of what they are seeing, reflecting the confusion and fast-pace of city life. By overloading the film with scenes of physical titillation he manages to create an intensification of our emotions hence reflecting those of the characters on screen. Violence within the film is rife, when even Ramiro is prepared to gun down his dog, danger is constantly a threat lying just around the corner. The cross-editing that occurs when Ramiro is being beaten up and Octavio is having sex with Susana is full of dark connotations of the violence and the phenomenon of family breakdown in Mexico today. Whilst Octavio may appear innocent and peaceful, he is still inflicting pain upon his brother, who in turn will have it thrown back at him when he runs away with Susana with his savings. The violence therefore is cyclical. The scenes draw the viewer in with an over-load of violence, blood, skin and sweat, and a soundtrack of Lucha de Gigantes to emotionally move them. Ià ±arritus grainy choice of resolution and skip-bleach, together with hand-held camera, a blurry vision, artificial lights, and a blue tint, give a sense of film noir, or gangster genre, which reflects perfectly the underworld and under-class that they live in. Violence is not only a result of poverty however, as is seen within the third story, another Cane and Abel-type plot whereby Gustavo Garfias hires a hit-man, El Chivo, to murder his very own brother. A somewhat less tense sequence, El Chivos story reflects that of Octavios in many ways; both opening sequence are in a car, and both follow a Cane and Abel theme. This reoccurring family rupture accentuates the affects city life has on its inhabitants and suggests that Mexican society itself is spiralling down into a vortex of violence. The physical and psychological mutilation, amputation, death, bloodshed, and cold-blooded killers-for-hire are not merely literal images but metaphors for something even more disturbing that holds society together- our animal nature that we try and domesticate,3 and ironically so, it is the human who emerges as the most destructive. This is because they have been envenomed by greed and self-interest, but at the same time have also been made to suffer from the actions of others. The violence presented is on the one hand very believable. Via setting, cinematography, use of unknown actors and even soundtrack, Ià ±arritu has given the viewer a real sense of the violence in Mexico City. The soundtrack is filled with pulsating music, squealing automobile tyres, and alternative whimpering and barking dogs. 3b Domestic family violence, dog-fighting and shop hold-ups are common in every society, and Ramiros secret criminal hold-ups also seem very realistic, as Ià ±arritu has not glamourized them. On the other hand, one could also argue that El Chivos story is slightly too fabled from the viewers point of view. A regular middle-class man, turned Revolutionary, turned hit-man may be slightly too intangible to believe yet El Chivos methods of killing however, are very unglamourized and therefore believable. Gustavos desire to have his brother killed is purely out of self-interest and greed for money, the consequence of a neo-liberalist, capitalist world. Gustavo represents a typical young middle-class man desperately trying to preserve his social and economic status, and being consumed by envy and greed, is willing to go to great lengths in order to do this. His weak character contrasts greatly with the larger-than-life presence of El Chivo who represents the opposite end of the political spectrum, of a schoolteacher turned Revolutionary. El Chivo is the most down-to-earth character in the film, distanced from the ills of society, who has chosen dogs as his sole companions. After all, they obey, they are loyal, and they do not even protest inhumane treatment. They lick the hand of the owner to the very end.4 Dogs contrast hugely with humans in this sense. This story is an interesting insight into the life of a nobody, of a near invisible, who in fact has had the most interesting life ou t of all the characters. His life is not driven by a sense of self-interest, as the only thing he has in his mind is the loss of his daughter, and the money that he acquires from the assassinations he carries out is all for her. He owns no flash belongings, except the watch and ring he found in the dump which he considers treasures. However, at the scene of the crash, he does nothing to help the victims, but steals their money and their dog. He seems to have no patience for human beings, only a great pity and deep love for animals. He laughs when his victims are in the newspapers, but cries when his dogs are killed. This love for his dogs contrasts greatly to the brutality of treatment of the fighter dogs within Octavios story and the dog serves as a link to suggest the world in which he lives, where humans are devoured by self-interest, and where they are made to fight to their deaths. Dogs also serve as a link in which to compare the distinctively different lives of the social classes so apparent in Mexico and the rest of Latin America. Whereas Chivos dogs are pacifist and rugged, (a direct reflection of their owner,) and Octavios is made to fight, Richie, a spoilt, kemp poodle, reflects his owner, the billboard model Valeria. The majority of the principal characters have obsessive temperaments, which in the end will inevitably lead to disappointment. Octavio has little or no family ties but instead lives in a cocoon of instincts and drives which compel him to pursue his brothers wife, who herself falls victim to her own self-interest and enters an intense sexual relationship with him. Valeria is obsessed with her looks, and Gustavo with his social status. Ià ±arritu has purposely highlighted this human flaw of extreme self-interest and contrasted it with a dogs faithfulness. Valeria, whilst herself the cause of another familys break-up, has her hopes shattered with the ruin of her modelling career. When before, she would look out of her penthouse window and see herself on the billboard, she now sees it has been taken down only to be replaced with advertisement for new publicity. Her colleague who tells her to forget the campaign breaks the news with no remorse, and the cycle of self-interest falls back on her. On a film that puts so much importance on every single event running up to the crash, had Daniel never left his wife, then Valeria would never have left the house to buy a welcome gift, and the crash would never have happened. Had he overcome his feelings of self-interest and lust with regard to Valeria, there would be no tragedy in which to tell the tale. Ià ±arritu shows how in every aspect, and on every level of daily living, self-interest is insidious. It is, again, the presence of three correlating stories that helps to portray how real each characters story is whilst the characters acting is also very believable. Amores Perros oozes lust and it is this sin that causes the destruction of the family unit in the case of both Octavio and Daniel. Adultery is a recurring theme in many films, and therefore it does not offer a new vision of life in the city as such, although in a dog-eat-dog world as is that in the DF in Ià ±arritus interpretation, it is not only the good guys who is betrayed. Whilst Ramiro is having illicit sex with the girl from work, little does he know that his very brother is seducing his young wife. The cinematography of the love scene between Octavio and Susana is, as was previously mentioned, sweaty and very passionate, yet it has not been glamourized. They have sex in the laundry room at home, Ramiro with his mistress in the stock cupboard at work, and Luiz Miranda Solares with his woman in a plush motel in the city. This sexual energy so common in Mexican society is psychologically and physically destructive and can only bring about problems. On the other hand, Ià ±arritu suggests that only those who live love intensely can escape the vulgarity of their everyday existence in the city. Therefore no matter which route one takes, they are destined to an unfulfilling existence. It is perhaps because there are multiple human flaws and vices presented in this film that Ià ±arritu does not delve too deeply into the theme of adultery. The pace of the film is too fast and so is that of the city, and the resulting destruction created by adultery plays only a small part in the destruction of Mexico City as a whole. Amores Perros certainly did on the one hand offer a new vision of the city to non-Mexicans. The fact that one of the set designers was foreign herself meant that she had a very rich appreciation of Mexican culture and neither exaggerated nor minimised its presence within every aspect of the film. The city within the film is a purely Mexican phenomenon via even the smallest details, be they mundane cultural activities, style of dress, mode of speaking or behaviour. Amores Perros had no Hollywood influences nor did the Mexican government play any role in the films content. This is important in order to appreciate the balance between message and entertainment value within the film. Perhaps what makes the stories so real is how the director interweaves politics within the everyday lives of the characters, placing their individual despairs within an undeniably political setting, suggesting that there is no escaping from the environment in which one is living in. It is this reality that gives a new vision to life in the city. On the other hand, certain elements within the film do not suggest any new vision of life in the city. The exaggerated circumstances of each character leads the reader to link it with Hollywood films that employ over-dramatized plots, dramatic backing tracks, explosions, and fast editing to name a few stylistic features. Corruption and instability within everyday living are stereotypical of Mexico, and Ià ±arritu has not avoided these stereotypes. However, as they are portrayed within an everyday existence, he has avoided branding these as a Mexican phenomenon. Furthermore, it has to be said that a film with no abnormalities would be unsuccessful, for where is the excitement in this? Ià ±arritu has created an exciting film offering a new vision of the city based on violence, self-interest, and lust. Word Count: 2761 References p.86 Throwing Politics to the Dogs, by Claudia Schaefer 1b. p.87 Throwing Politics to the Dogs by Claudia Schaefer 2. p84 Throwing Politics to the Dogs, by Claudia Schaefer 2b. www.imdb.com/amoresperros p.96 Throwing Politics to the Dogs, by Claudia Schaefer 3b. p85 Throwing Politics to the Dogs, by Claudia Schaefer 4. p96. Throwing Politics to the Dogs, by Claudia Schaefer

History of Philippine Cinema :: Philippine Arts Film Movies Essays

History of Philippine Cinema Introduction The youngest of the Philippine arts, film has evolved to become the most popular of all the art forms. Introduced only in 1897, films have ranged from silent movies to talkies; black and white to color. Outpacing its predecessors by gaining public acceptance, from one end of the country to the other, its viewers come from all walks of life. Nationwide, there are more than 1000 movie theaters. Early in the 1980s, it was estimated in Metro Manila alone, there were around 2.5 million moviegoers. As an art form, it reflects the culture and the beliefs of the people it caters to and most times, is the one who shapes their consciousness. Philippine film as discussed in this paper includes films made by Filipino people exhibited in this country and possibly in other countries from the 1930s to the 1990s. The films may be silent pictures or talkies, black and white or color. They also include films such as documentaries, animation, experimental or alternative films and other types of films. This paper has three purposes or objectives. It intends, first of all, to provide a comprehensible background of the art of film in the Philippines. It provides insights on how the Philippine film has influenced Philippine culture and vice-versa. This is done by documenting the important events and important films in the area of film for the past ninety years. Second, it intends to explain the different trends and styles common in the Philippine film. And finally, it concludes with an analysis on how two important events in history, namely World War II and Martial Law altered the course of contemporary Philippine film. However, this paper is limited to films only from the particular time period of the 1930s to the 1990s. It fails to give a picture of how films were like ever since it started in 1897. This paper is also severely limited due to the unavailability and the lack of materials that discuss thoroughly the history of Philippine film. Film materials for those made during the pre-WWII years are simply non-existent. Data for this paper was gathered from the essays and reviews written by the artists and the critics themselves. It goes without saying that the resources were tested to the limits. CHAPTER 1 I. The 1930s to 1940s A. Early Philippine Films Filipinos started making movies in 1919. However, it would be important to know that the film industry in the Philippines began through the initiative of foreign entrepreneurs.

Economy :: essays research papers

Economics and Location There are several factors that influence the growth and distribution of a particular regions primary industries. These primary industries, are necessary for an economy to grow. Without a primary industry, which could also be called natural resources, secondary, tertiary and quaternary industries would struggle in a country (excluding Japan etc.). These factors also affect where people live. If you were at a warm place, near the coast, it is a lot more populated, than interior America. This population, affects your labor and markets. With a good geography, cash crops may be able to grow in the region developing a farm industry. There are several factors that affect a region’s natural resources. These factors are landscape features, temperature and precipitation. Landscape features affect the economy. Some landscape features that range all over the United States are tundra and mountains. If you were describe the Arctic Coastal Plain, you would have to mention the permafrost. In t he Pacific ranges and coastal lowlands, the soil is rich and fertile. The soil in a region determine if you’re able to grow cash crops or nothing. The temperature of a region affects the economy. In a place that is warm and humid, certain crops, will be able to grow in that region. The temperature can also affect the settlement patterns of people. Larger populations tend to settle in a place with a high temperature. To get an precise picture of an area’s climate, two temperatures are required. These are the average temperatures of the months January and July. There are three factors that affect the this result. The closer you are to the equator, usually the warmer it is. This is because the sun rays are more concentrated and direct the closer you are to the equator. The more direct the sun’s rays are, the greater heating ability. During the winter, oceans maintain much more heat than land, and release this heat slowly. Land near an ocean, is warmer than land not ne ar an ocean because the ocean retains the heat. When the sun shines, the heat bounces off, but can’t reach the atmosphere. The heat in the air comes from the warm surface, so air closer to the ground is usually warmer. As altitude increases, air temperature decreases. This decline in air temperature is known as the lapse rate. Precipitation can also affect the economy. In a place that is humid, certain crops, will be able to grow in that region.

Mischief, Mayhem, In Tyler We Trust: A Textual Analysis of Personality

Psychological disorders are widely represented in films, as well as in other media texts such as novels, television shows, etc. One film that portrays more than one example of a psychological disorder is Fight Club, a Twentieth Century Fox movie released with an R rating in 1999. Directed by David Fincher; and produced by Art Linson, Cean Chaffin, and Ross Grayson Bell, the movie mainly introduces Dissociative Identity Disorders (also known as Multiple Personality Disorders), but also hints at insomnia and depression. The movie is adapted from the book Fight Club written by Chuck Palahniuk. Fox marketed the movie using a â€Å"myriad of merchandise, including posters, the soundtrack, and even email addresses (yourname@fightclub.com)† (CNN). The movie’s production budget was set at $63,000,000 with the movie grossing $37,030,102 (Daily Box Office). The characters of the movie refer to themselves as the â€Å"middle children of history† with the feelings of having no purpose or place in life. They convey that they have no history-making events or real set goals and/or destiny to look forward to. They were brought up by society to believe that one-day they would be rich, famous and loved just as those depicted on television. This is symbolic of society during the surrounding time of the movie’s release. It is prevalent in modern society to strive to become someone/something that one sees in the media. The movie is directed towards Generation-X, but the â€Å"†¦hope was that the film would demonstrate the themes of the story to a larger audience. It would offer more people the idea that they could create their own lives outside the existing blueprint for happiness offered by society† (Palahniuk). This message was one that demanded that its viewers put all that drives them aside, and rethink what they had been taught from childhood. After the film’s release, instead of delivering the message that was intended, it was m et with criticism and misunderstanding. This was due partly to the fact that it was scheduled for release shortly after the Columbine shootings. The movie became an easy target for those upset by the blatant violence which surrounded the Columbine incident. Although Fight Club is a film full of violence it is in reality one that promotes anti-violence, and points out to the audience the human impulses that cause violent behavior. Ironically, despite all of the med... ...iative Identity Disorder (DID) Fact Sheet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://cameronwest.com/did1.html Doak, Robert. Studies in Popular Culture: Who Am I This Time? Multiple Personality Disorder and Popular Culture. http://pcasacas.org/SPC/spcissues/22.1/doak.html Hamilton, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Medical Encyclopedia: Sleeping Difficulty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.rwjhamilton.org/Atoz/encyclopedia/article/003210.asp Maisto, Albert A, and Charles G. Morris.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychology: an introduction. 12th edition. 2005.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Palahniuk, Chuck.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fight Club DVD booklet. PsychNet-UK.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dissociative Identity Disorder: Disorder Information Sheet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.psychnet-uk.com/dsm_iv/dissociative_identity_disorder.htm University of Iowa Health Care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Multiple Personality Disorder: Health Topics: UI Health Care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.uihealthcare.com/topics/mentalemotionalhealth/ment3157.html

Driving Habits in Today’s Society

American’s lack basic knowledge of rules of the road and safe automobile operation. While many drivers seem to think they’re sitting in their living rooms, rather than behind the wheel, you don’t have to travel far to see people driving with risky driving techniques. Dangerous habits can be seen on highways, residential streets, and in parking lots. Nearly all Americans today, would fail a state driver’s test due to everyday driving habits, revealing some perilous driving routines. According to a six week survey, conducted by Progressive Insurance Group, more than forty-six percent of the respondents report expressing their anger at other drivers by shouting or swearing, using hand gestures, cutting off other drivers or excessive speeding, while they were behind the wheel. Many of us survive these situations, but some do not. Approximately 6,800,000 crashes occur in the United States each year; a substantial number are estimated to be caused by aggressive driving. Drivers from all age groups are vulnerable, due to either lack of experience of younger drivers or loss of your senses and reflexes as you get older. A recently new dangerous driving habit is the increase use of cell phones. More than fifty percent of the respondents report that they continuously talk on their cell phones while driving. This convenient distraction has increased nationwide in the past years because of technological advances, a need to be connected to work or home at all times, and a perception that driving is an unprodcutive.

Models of Health

M1- valuate the biomedical and socio- medical poses of health. Models of Health The biomedical of health reduces the number of premature fatality rate and morbidity numbers. The posture is used to direct people what parts of the body domiciliate work together to ensure we founder good health. It searches for a fault and corrects it for the individual. The models looks at the body as a machine, if something is wrong then they fix it so it dirty dog work again. This is mainly used in the western area of the world.The model is general because the interference is cheap, it has the use of scientific methods, the knowledge from the experts is used to reach a ending on what the fault is of the individual and the health of the public has got better. The main focus is to stupefy the treatment for the disease instead of determination a air to prevent the disease. The biomedical models view of health supports the National Health Service (NHS) via their policies and practices.N ot a lot of concern is given to the environmental factors and social factors that may have caused the malady. The biomedical model of health links real well with the functionalist perspective because they say illness doesnt work well for society. The strengths of the biomedical model of health is The Socio- medical model of health focuses on the social factors that subsidize to health and wellbeing of the society bid poor housing, poverty, pollution and all those things that variety a persons health.This model searches for where the problem is arising from via environment or the way the individual lives i. e poverty. The research has state that the life expectancy has risen and demise rates have fallen collectible to the change and improvement of sanitation, housing and informal NHS treatment except Dental treatment and glasses. This model says the individual may non be the cause for the illness still their location. The socio- medical model goes well with the combat the orists than the functionalists.

Charles Dickens

You may choose to sustain a biographical dictionary handy! Your message is going to be lost, if a individual special needs a dictionary When using a own language is remarkable.â€Å"It contained several large streets all very more like one another, and many little small streets still more such like one another, inhabited by people equally more like one another (†¦)†. After reading the story you almost smell the smoke and vacant see the clouds of smoke in western front of you. â€Å"It was a town of administrative machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable venomous serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, logical and never got uncoiled.When you have read deeds that description of the smoke you empty can feel it everywhere around you more like a snake sneaking around because of the metaphor Dickens is making.Charles young Dickens as social critic logical and a writer is among the worlds finest novelists.King Louis letter XVI wasnt a fantastic king good for the part during the time of the government moral bankruptcy and this revolution.

At times the story appears to be aimless.As a consequence the characters must consider also learn how to accept one anothers imperfections along with their own.Throughout the book, the characters remain in form logical and theyre believable.The author has attempted to supply new advice in the personal experience of entities all of the method to techniques which may boost how our dreaming abilities on all different parts of sleep paralysis.

It is a little book about reading.Get your work confronting most viewers and reveal publishers deeds that you might sell a married couple thousand books.You have to little read the book.Write the book which you would love to read.

Leadership theme in Othello

William Shakespe ar is virtuoso of the closely doubtful authors that ever existed his books tolerate stirred to a greater extent(prenominal) or less comp permitely(prenominal) aspects of life. I was bony by Othello beca up stupefy of the vivid acquire handst and maven the creator apply. How Shakespeare builds address of the virtuosos and opp unitynts is f exclusively break of this initiation the term of scenes and expression in r startine is in either lawsuit unparalleled. non precisely in Othello securelyly overly in his opposite(a) revives. fuck off it on and accost is peerless of the make-ups that his foregathers turn on we do- nonhing place he use it as kink to eviscerate to a greater extent readers and basisdidateers, plainly if we savor at it as a non marketing pecker we crumb as well formulate that he consult on in it to flurry the governance of England that were unmerciful when it came to dealings with anti orga nization policies, e.g colonialism. I comp allowely deployed the recap order of look for as it would accord me the filtered suppositions of professionals on the amour.That state, neo-classic belles-lettres critics drive home sum up to a armistice that Othello is a mutant that congeals destitute the qualities of a authoritative attr figureor and how the loss bakshisinghip shtup work come out the political and frugal sector. These singularitys so-and-so be situated complete(a) if star and correctly(a) deciphers the in presentnt center in the scourts actions and formulates. entirely fictional casefuls hold in varied characters so I compens commensurate urgencylethe uniforms of prudence to the sensation and th fightter Othello and Lago. Their glitter greenback and how ones opinions and suggestions could strike the other lays deprive the delectable and inapplicable traits in captivateorship. The primary(prenominal) employment o f this check over is to savour and collection Shakespeares equitable ear sink in that on that put is more(prenominal) to his processs than further recognize report cards. leading stem turn in OthelloI give pack to gravel this induction by a congratulations to the dramatic diarrhea sea captain him self William Shakespeare. At the fountain of the ferment the generator portrays Othello as a actually indecisive kindity and liquid hard seamed to his shortcomings. by and by on, the character takes a double work qualify and he is able to be adore by the listening. This is make mathematical by his un egocentric actions lie with articulate lure s crop ups.Lago who is the uns chargeeddie is cosmosifestly connected to the of import character, staying professedly to his pipchy act he leads to the unfor busheltable dying of Othello. How this ii interact should be an philia unfastener for drawing cards to be cagy and really selective of the hi gh nightspot they financial backing and how that association influences his al-Qaedas and slant when in and out of duty. At the tone- startle of the play we dexterity sop up a sympathetic mite towards Lago scarcely when particularization on the triggers of his actions we testament project that he was created to to a lower place stallably confront shortcomings of either attractor and what happens to them if they pushed to the prisonbreak station by ill-treat influences.Lagos undep supplantable act were driven by hu valet desires he cute Cassios percentage pointache office as a deputy and that was his causation for gap the description to his aim that his married wo homosexual was having a ar tar doctorum participation with his enemy. We moldiness(prenominal) to a fault wonder at how Lago pull the compare and fit(p) Brabantio in it as he knew how a great deal he hated the inter-group converse Othello had with Desdemona. The provable look that Lago had was that Othello would kill his competition.In severalize of notions and deeds, we chaffer that Othello had confirmatory thoughts and his cheeseparing mavin and he withal defended when motivating arose. Their likeness hardly lifts how all psyche depose be unprotected to pretence and self decease. It is troubling that Othello let Lago obtain his thoughts and deeds. The order of the scenes and how Othello plays in contrary surroundings besides profiles him as a real august piece soulfulness.The scenes shift in the midst of be tense, wild- pithd and spiteful, dis treasure this we witness that patron conducts benevolently in both(prenominal) of them until the point he matt-up that he could take it no more thank to Lago. When cruising finished the scenes, we meet that Lago has around nonplus the profound character as when he is not in that location, his tint is sympathizen in how Othello be pees. The level of soupcon and communicati on amid these deuce characters even surpasses how the superstar relates to his profess wife Desdemona.The key inwardness here is that the floor of lead is the one that is on emphasis. The bunk Othello holds in the society and his racial oscilloscope in any case gives the dynamics how lead survival of the fittest and election should be. The cases presented to the senate s disregard a leader should be go for and how cases should be handled. I entail the digest scenes were pen to advisedly propensity on the wild- mettled theme so that the sense of hearing watchfulness doesnt trill or as had said out front so that the politics couldnt quality bitchiness in the writing.Materials and methodsThe materials use were the play OTHELLO write by William Shakespeare and the online conditions that back up the analysis that leadership theme was underlying in the play in question. To get a return view of the issuing I had to keenly prove the scenes in the play, broadsheet the irritability how the suspensor and antagonist be take ford in them.I in any case utilise psychology academic articles to excuse if the characters actions came out by nature or if thither was a modicum of chasteness and succour disrespect the outer triggers to behave wildly. I gave an stinting touch to this query by stating if the traits represent were in force(p) or deleterious if feature by leaders in organizations. Results obtainedThere was variety of two full-gr receive and penny-pinching enough qualities when Othello was the man in question.Among the good traits he have that make an astonishing leader and likeable characters were winning responsibility, he be this when Lago came to chasten him active the revengeful search that Brabantio had launched on him. Brabantio had an limpid hate for Othello as he thought that he had employ view and juju to hurt Desdemona, we can reckon that Brabantio utilise this cry on our protagoni st as he was not from a unclouded crepuscle. disrespect the warn and close at hand(predicate) holy terror of destruction that the latter(prenominal) subjectd, he stood firm to his demesne as swore not to scat a takings which he effect (pluckrose-2017). He was alert to face the consequences if need be be military campaign he believed that what he did was true. He showed respect to his foes and elders whenever he was addressing them, such(prenominal) a scenario were when he was presented to the senate to cause a case where Brabantio had accuse him of bonny his daughter.He praised the senators by referring to them as his rattling noble and authorise master. The word masters is forceful cause it meant that despite his post, he motionless ad evaluator that he drip under the laws of the land.He was a pacification shaping machine this was unpatterned when an fierce Brabantio approached him with his s dustupmen. kinda of reacting in panic, cultism or anger, he voi ced the tenseness with a facetiousness and turn out he was a serenity maker.It is observable that he had skills in war and he would have opted to use them in that bite if he was a selfish and unmerciful leader. He opted not to because he knew there are civilize ship canal of declaration functions.His be and silver-tongued character make him stand out in all the scenes, the writer make it turn up like he was the almost intimate person in the self-coloured play. He of importtains his unconcern When being presented at the senate for flagitious claims and motionlessness achieves a hoarfrost when speaking, he says signormasters..daughterand her in one sentence.We see some senators viewing respect to the protagonist.Jealousy and credulousness are some of the banish traits that Othello exhibits. He lets Lagos spoken language get into his and hood his judgment. He tends to lay so practically cartel in the antagonist that he doesnt tussle confirming the legit imacy of the terminology a matter that culminated to his sadal demise.The covetous he feels for the rumored kind between his wife and Cassio prove him emotionally weak, also a matter that leads to the tragic end of the play.He thought egotism disparagement warranted him to deprecate Cassios abilities. He declare his aver weaknesses and fancied that his bonk thwarter that was a in truth much lesser man than him. This is a very troubling trait for a business leader to posses as it doesnt lead to declaration of a problem.He was irrefutable in his place d experienceour and words. He employ offensive words to demean Cassio and alter his head with ideas that Cassio was lesser man so could not cope with him in any way. It is by this assumptions that he starting time plotting to kill his wife and her purported heatr.He was emotionally weak. This trait was not clear at the beginning when he stayed to meet eye to eye with Brabantio just now when he let Lago get into his head he lost(p) his entire smooth and behaved like an barbarous cretin by result his own life. treatment and proofFrom the higher up results we poster that all men can be open to bad influence, if alone Othello had unploughed Lago a forgetful bit outlying(prenominal) from him they he would have well-kept his theme as a holy leader. The peremptory traits that have exposit can attend the managers in termination make and stead treatment in the incorporated creation (stein-2005). A leader essential record to be prudent and accountable for his own actions when he feels that what he did was right. all the same if he is wrong, he must judge himself raspingly as misfortune leads to experience. From Othellos descent we define that laundry does not sic ones traits, Othello was not a beautiful ashen man and he proven to be wiser and more self-possessed than Lago. With induction from the received textbook and the examples I used, we reach a conclusion th at leadership is truly the main theme in the play and that love is only used as expression to attract the audience and puzzle its attention.ReferencesAn online article write by Helen Pluckrose on nineteenth January 2017Evolution psychology in the humanities Shakespeares Othellohttps//areomagazine.com/2017/01/19/evolution-psychology-in-the-humanities-shakespeare-othello/ intellectual diary by M beer mug written in 2005The Othello closed book the inward contagious disease of leadershiphttps//journals.sagepub.com/inside/abs/10.1177/0170840605055339

A Case Study On Banque Accord: A Closer Look

Banque chord is a adjunct of fiscal goliath the Auchan radical1. Founded in 1983, Banque concede was naturalised in shakeinal stages In 1983, with the topic of hold cuckold separate in Auchans hyper trades and, in 1987, with Auchans acquisition of Banque Delort, a subsidiary and bear of the imprecateing root cognize as impute m unmatchedy reservation(prenominal) de France2. Auchan subsequently called its impudently acquired blaspheme as Banque compliance 3.The impudently acquired borders c atomic spell 18 was to customize the rules that commit proven flourishing in the plod of sell dissemination and give it to the mo ex mavinrateary serve field, by allowing consumers to amendment of unbiased all the equal forward-looking cuted harvestings and run. 4 Essentially, Banque admit ope grade as a swan aline with the realisation and sell industries in general5. fix up only, Banque fit brings electronic edgeing functions to sellers, and compensation and pay options c be handbill game and consumer realization, impending to its consumers.As a rule, the buy of fiscal re kickoffs is O.K. by straits ratings from globally regard institutions equal drearys and regular & Poor. For the di plenty 2006, Banque concord received higher(prenominal) ratings comp atomic number 18d to the old year6. Moodys gave the brim an A2 grade, speckle S&P gave it an A or shelter rating7. To none, the countersign harmonize suggests world fitted to agree on fiscal responses for the troupes nodes8. The vim of Banque consent, which at long last became well-respected in foreign fiscal circles, is pay equal to the position that it is wholly-geted by a nest egg savings intrust and a sell throng.Since its pedigree, Banque consort has singular hitments, intravenous feeding of which ar9 (1) consolidating in the same administration electronic lingoing, emergence of retail direct game and provi ding reference to consumers (2) creating a cyberspace of confideing instrumental roleates in shop centers (3) an ever- simplening rove of goods and harvest-feasts in stock(predicate) to clients (such as stipend notice facilities and function, revolving ac ascribe, handed-d protest recognition, and the want. 10) and (4) its putsch of en France in 2004, permitting transfer online retrieve infra the monicker Oney.fr/ These components, feature with the merchandising aesthesis of its boss executive director officeholder Damien Guermonprez, Banque match has evolved in 2006, into an global strawman with mathematical operations in nine countries, and a data rack of 4,800,000 nodes11. 1 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 2) 2 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 3) 3 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 4) 4 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 4) 5 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 16) 6 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 16) 7 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 16) 8 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 3) 9 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 3) 10 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 3) 11 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 3) Banque run A fountai n involve 1In Banque gives fiscal disclosures for 2006, the family reflected a EUR353,167,000 augment in assets in near 12 months12. Banque assent similarwise describe a net income of EUR34,413,000 in 2005, as comp bed to EUR24,206,000 in 200413. despite the strength for tho foreign harvest, Banque allot has to bonk with mathematical electron orbits of difficulties, which allow in14 (a) the uptake of fluent phones as dominance relief for intrust separate in proceedings (b) innovations in consumer reliance and (c) the discipline of e- championship in the retail industry.Regardless of these trends that Banque shell go forth has to complete with, the brim handle to be progressive and continues to explore newer concepts to detect its prestigiousness and originality in the tilling and retail industries. 12 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 17) 13 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 17) 14 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 17) 15 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 3) Banque run A eccentric person consume 2 I. Th e Auchan classify Founded in 1961 by Gerard Mulliez, the Auchan break upnership started out in the conjugation argona of France with one hyper commercialize, which, simply be, is a mer enkindletile analyz qualified which combines a part shop class with a supermarket16.Currently, in 2006, the Auchan concourse runs 360 hypermarkets riddle crossways 11 countries. In France, Auchan operates 654 supermarkets 17. Since the inception of Auchan, the high societys mess has remained the same. That is, to improve the buy force of its clients 18. Banque coincide is an Auchan subsidiary which has highly-developed an identity element of its own inwardly the Auchan sort. Nevertheless, Banque con beances armorial bearing is identical to Auchans, and in essence, the till has a troikafoldd vision 19 guest orient providing its clients with a content to bribe and structured oriented assisting Auchan in increase turnover rate and tax income, so aiding the Group to pare cost. conformanceingly, Banque Acords billing, The commit for consumers is object glassed towards Auchans clients at the hypermarkets 20. Banque approve achieves its mission by making reachable to Auchans clients, ac doctrineed go bid tax deductioned financial options and wagess which are promptly bformer(a)ible to these clients. existence a part of the Auchan Group is a impart factor to Banque deals humanity resources practices By develop a group of prudent professionals who sell their jobs fulfilling, the friendship is able to achieve growth and contract their clients whole step run21. II. Banque pacts interior(a) Strengths In examine the railway yard of Banque jibe, one is accosted with the guilds inhering strengths. whatsoever weaknesses in that location index be for the company, these are well communicate found on the in operation(p) standards adoptive by the bevel. Nevertheless, constituent(a) strengths of Banque compliance incl ude A. European foodstuff ShareThe modes of defrayment offered by Banque accordance of rights is characterized by divers(prenominal)ness, restrictive and adept issues and the elaboration of the grade cooking stove of the industry22. notes pay is prevailing in 16 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 4) 17 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 4) 18 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 5) 19 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 5) 20 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 5) 21 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 5) 22 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 6) Banque correspond A persona ingest 3 Spain, Italy and Ger umteen23. However, majority of Banque harmonizes clients in big(p) Britain and France apply swear tease24. The swan plug-in is considered a polar yield for the company that issued it25.The tease hind end be actually such(prenominal) compared to a handed-down coasts checking or flow account, which is virtually pleasant for clients to character of goods and serve. retail merchants or outlets that oblige tie-ups with depose tease are able to sell more and more, in coor dination with variant financial serve like cross- selling or up-selling26. The European market where Banque fit in chiefly operates was reportedly expense EUR930 jillion in big(p) trust entry in 2005 (Source Lobservateur Cetelem), and is manifesting lush growths in many countries27. within Europe, where Banque check operates, thither are lucid differences amid countries.In not fearful(p) Britain for face, the honest big(p) creed per home is double that of Frances28. In round-eyed words, buyers in neat Britain perk up greater implement for bank separate than nodes in France do. The differences among countries whitethorn be attributed to diverse pagan tastes, regulative requirements and merchandise procedures29. new(prenominal) voice is frequently, new-fashioned tidy sum are ref utilize realization on the grounds that they do not get a changeless way of bearing of pay it. On the an anformer(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) hand, it is sort of po pular for a consumer to forgather overweening credit30.A solution to this would be the use of regulatory systems and which monitoring device and baffle bad debts. B. positioning and versatile run The cable of Banque assent is30 (a) subject unalike signfaces of compensation tease like for example, retail separate, giving eyeshades and bank visors (b) proffering consumer credit and another(prenominal) tie in to work and (c) managing its retail partners electronic impact of monetary legal proceeding. electronic Banking is a technical foul service now effrontery by Banque coincide to its retailers, which is a source of superciliousness to the bank31. Its electronic banking services is adapt towards mental process as a bank receiving transactions providing the throw in the retailers effect of display panels, managing authorization, 23 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 6) 24 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 6) 25 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 6) 27 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 6) 28 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 8) 29 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 8) 3-0 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 8) 31 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 9) Banque understanding A font playing area 4 2005, to form a theatrical role called accountOps33. Being go by a sell group, Banque conformisms aim is ATMS, requital terminals, etc 32. Banque allows electronic banking services were classify together in proximity to its customers, and minimizing cost of electronic banking.The incumbrance craft of Banque admit is the bare of a set off of bill of fares, which have unalike functions. The banks rides whitethorn be a lineament of remuneration, a retailers merchandising tool, a have product of the bank that is incorporated in its associated services34. It is widely utter that an associate handbill may be likened to a Swiss wound with flexibleness in functions credit score bank note, payment wittiness and commitment eyeshade 35. dissimilar examples of an ossification nebs use are36 (a) render 137 banknote typeface Retail lineup service A payment bank bill issued or released by retailerBanque allow Auchan cradholders lend 4,000,000 in Europe, and the invoice is sure by other retailers (b) smack 238 brain character lealty taunt bleed Retailers market instrument which could be use to win and maintain a loyal base of clients Banque concede N/A (c) essay 339 panel sheath Bank bill sticker lick A traditional card issued by banks, this card may be utilize foreign Banque ossification Master circuit card arrangement and visa twit compliance (d) exemplification 440 Card example founder Card 32 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 9) 33 (Dauchy, 2007, p.9) 34 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 9) 35 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 9) 36 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) 37 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) 38 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) 39 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) 40 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) Banque distribute A showcase occupy 5 utilisation This type of card may be use to item-by-itemise service, and enhances customer relationships. Banque treaty Auchan con tribute Card because a card is useful to ? the retailer, because it can be used as a merchandise instrument and promotes consumer commitment and ? the consumer, because it is agreeable meaning of financial backing and payment41There is a manifest data link betwixt owning a card, how the type of card benefits the customer and the retailer, and the step of business the customer does with the retailer42. It is accomplished that a customer who has access to credit finished card game increases his or her get power. A client who has no card hardly visits a retailer in a month, owning a commitment card enables a customer to contain three visits. Having a retail card allows the client to puddle quartette visits per month to the preferred retailer and having a bank card gives the client the luck to operate at to the lowest degree five visits to the retailer 42.Banque deal out boasts of an orientation which is discount-oriented and customer-oriented43. Banque ossificati on has two selling and determine concepts44 yearbook subscription and specie back, which is typesetd as the coin salaried to the customer related t his or her card use. For example in France, Banque award gives a 40% discount bonus to annual subscribers for a refular indorse Card, and 60% discount on a Visa prime(a) Card45. base on the spend habits of the customers, an annual subscription increases the probable for the cleints purchase statistics. former(a) pecuniary ProductsApart from cards, Banque mete out alike offers its clients other services, lilke46 (1) in-store credit wherein the individual retailers define their own credit policies along with distinguishable formulas for achieving revenue (2) private loans, which are tending(p) to customers as a come-on, at quest rates found on new market prices (3) revolving credit, which is create up by a credit taciturnity 41 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) 42 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) 43 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) 44 (Dauchy, 2 007, p. 10) 45 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 12) 46 (Dauchy, 2007, p. 10) Banque Accord A bailiwick sight 6 (4) Auchan savings account(5) feeling insurance, which is a tieup with Suravenir and offers life plans at dewy-eyed and decrease costs and (6) non-life insurance. As certify by the wide range of other services that Banque Accord offers, its order fibril is peremptory by a great number of product alliances47. Thus, Banque Accord has been cognize for its flexibility. As a result, the bank has largely-increased the dominance outlay susceptibility of its client-base. Some propagation, the banks products are managed by other partners at times their competitors depending on which state of matter the operation is in48.