Learn About the French Word Déranger

To disturb, bother, trouble and to mix/mess up is the English meaning of the French word dà ©ranger, pronounced day ra(n) zhay.   Examples and Common Expressions Ce bruit me dà ©range - That noise is bothering meJe viendrai demain, si cela ne te dà ©range pas - Ill come tomorrow if thats ok / if that doesnt bother youNe dà ©range pas mes papiers - Dont mess up my papers! Related Words Le dà ©rangement - trouble, disturbance, disorder

Trend of People Towards Fast Food Consumption - 2014 Words

BUSINESS OPPURTUNITY IN FAST FOOD INDUSTRY IN LAHORE Hamza Shahid Department of management sciences Institute of management sciences (Pak-AIMS) Lahore, Pakistan goodmenheaven@gmail.com Abstract- The study has been to find out the business opportunity in fast food industry and the factors associated with its expansion at such a rapid face. The study has revealed such valuable factors associated with the fast food consumption and fast food business which provide us with significant proof to invest in the fast food business. The study is exploratory in nature. This is an applied research which has given positive sign for the investment in the fast food business. Introduction Today in the 21st†¦show more content†¦Now because of the presence of women they are not going to go to a local restaurant like ‘Fazal Karahi, sardar machli or any other restaurant that is situated in Laxmi Chawk. They are going to go to a more sophisticated place like a fast food restaurant like KFC, McDonald’s or salt pepper. The culture has changed a lot. Now people prefer to go to such sophisticated places in the presence of females B). Interviews: As mentioned above there was no significant literature available about the fast food industry of Pakistan. In order to get the right results and to get unbiased answers informal interviews were conducted so that grave factors associated with this fast growing business can be identified. Informal interviews lead towards the factors that were part of decision making of the people and enabled to determine the situations in which they preferred to consume fast food rather than regular meals. These informal interviews with the people at random places like cafeteria, parking areas class rooms etc. provided with such factors that were highly associated with the purchase preference. III. Theoretical framework The theoretical framework consists of the following: †¢ Identification of variables †¢ Prioritizing the variables †¢ Thematic diagram †¢ Nature and direction †¢ Logical statement A). Identification of variables: †¢ Gender †¢ Cost of food †¢ Brand †¢ Market structure †¢ Variety in fast food †¢Show MoreRelatedFast Food Industry Research Proposal1593 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Proposal (Fast Food Industry) To study the attitude towards consumption of healthy food within the fast food industry Background We are a marketing research team of a fast food chain store. With increasing awareness about healthy food among the masses and with consumer preferences changing towards healthy food, we intend to launch a health food segment to cater to this need of the customers. We are also concerned about the pricing of the product that whether it should be priced same asRead More Slow Food Essay1656 Words   |  7 PagesThe trend of the Slow Food Movement has existed since the 1970’s but has recently been thrusted into the fore front of prominent world issues as the cause and remedy of environmental challenges, local economic circumstances, and the complexities with social norms. The Slow Food Movement can be considered a counter-trend to Fast food. It was created in response to the augmentation of fast food a culture, the diminishment of people caring where the food comes from, and the diminishment of local foodRead MoreThe Choice Of Food By A Consumer Is Predominantly Affected By Con venience Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pages1.0 Introduction The choice of food by a consumer is predominantly affected by convenience. The growth of home delivery for supplies, microwave dinners, drive-thru windows, and internet shopping is an indication that most consumers are driven by convenience in the determination of choices (Jaeger and Meiselman, 2004, p.318). Customers use convenience to establish how, what, why, when, with whom, and where to eat (Costa et al., 2005, p.79). Jaeger, S.R., Cardello, A., V. (2007, p.238), argued thatRead MoreLiving Healthy: Focusing on Exercises and Better Food Choices692 Words   |  3 Pagesfocused on empowering individuals to make better food choices and embrace exercises. In this way, individuals will end up living healthier lives. Living Healthy: Focusing on Exercises and Better Food Choices According to DeBruyne, Pinna and Whitney (2011), research suggests that fast-food consumption contributes significantly to the development of obesity. The reason for this according to the authors has got to do with the content of fast-foods. Torkos and Vanderhaeghe (2008) point out that obesityRead MoreUnhealthy Eating and Poor Diet Cause Juvenile Obesity Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile obesity is affecting many industrialized countries and is increasing yearly. According to Patricia Anderson and Kristin Butcher, authors of Childhood Obesity: Trends and Potential Causes, â€Å" By 1999-2002, nearly 15 percent of U.S. children were considered obese† (Anderson). Knowing more and more kids are being affected by this trend is unnerving, not only in the present, but also for the future. Causing health-related issues such as diabetes and heart complications, the control of obesity isRead MoreThe Importance Of Fast Food1157 Words   |  5 PagesFast food has been increa singly popular throughout the twenty-first century because of its sacrifice of health for speed, but that has recently started to change. â€Å"Fast casual† is the idea of a more casual restaurant atmosphere with healthier food, slightly higher prices, and a better overall experience. The transition to a more innovative fast casual mind set has spurred an increasing popularity across the country. Rising awareness in society has helped dawn the rise of the fast casual industryRead MoreAnalyzing Whether Or Not Fast Food Industries1414 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysing whether or not fast food industries are the cause of Australia’s rise in obesity levels â€Æ' Table of Contents List of figures 1 Executive summary 2 Introduction 2 Social issues 2 Ethical issues 3 Environmental issues 3 Economic issues 3 Benefits (for) 4 Disadvantages (against) 4 Recommendations/Conclusion 5 Bibliography 6 List of figures FIGURE 1: WEEKLY SPENDING ON TAKEAWAY MEALS FIGURE 2: WITH OR WITHOUT FRIES FIGURE 3: PERCENTAGES OF FOOD BUDGETS FIGURE 4: FAST FOOD VS RESTAURANTS â€Æ' EXECUTIVERead MoreFactors Contributing Factors That Causes Obesity Among Children Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent cultural people in New Zealand (2012). This abnormality can cause various health risks such as diabetes and heart disease (World Health Organisation, 2014). The purpose of this essay is to analyse 3 major contributing factors that causes obesity among children in New Zealand. This essay will commence by identifying the behavioural factor such as lack of physical activity for children furthermore, it will discuss environmental factors, for instance, media and portion sizes of fast food intake inRead MoreMcdonald Business Environment906 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction McDonald Corporation is the world’s largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurant. There are over 30,000 McDonald’s restaurants in more than 100 countries and served an average of 50 million customer daily. A McDonald restaurant is operated by either a franchisee or by the corporation itself. The very first McDonald was open in Singapore in 1979 and today there are over 120 McDonald restaurants across the island which served 1.2 million customers weekly. McDonald employs around 9Read MoreThe Consumption Of Fast Food1600 Words   |  7 Pagesrising trend in obesity, while caloric output has remained essentially unchanged. Americans are eating more unhealthy food and intaking more calories, causing this nationwide epidemic. The big fast food chains market their foods to Americans constantly. On average, teens see three to five fast food ads per day (Muntel). Fast food is ingrained into the minds of children and the craving for it stays with them even when they are adul ts. Americans should eliminate the regular consumption of fast food because

Informative essy Free Essays

The gang is notorious for its flamboyant use of the color blue. Wearing blue any and everywhere, gang members often get heckled by the police. The Crips are known to have an intense and bitter rivalry with the Bloods and various surrounding gangs. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative essy or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are also locked in an ongoing struggle over the drug trade with the Vice Lords. Raymond initially called the gang the Baby Avenues in an attempt to emulate older gangs and the activities carried out by the Black Panthers; Raymond was fascinated with the movement of the Black Panthers. The Gang renamed itself the Avenue Cribs and then took on the nickname the Cribs, because of the young age of members. The name Crips was first introduced in the Los Angeles Sentinel newspaper in a description by crime victims of young men with canes, as if they were crippled. Resources state, it could have Just been a misspelling error, either way the name stuck, and the Crips were officially Born Gangsters. Stanley Tookie Williams, generally acknowledged as co-founder of the Crips, started his own gang called the Westside Crips. Crip meaning â€Å"Community Revolution In Progress†. The Crips became popular throughout southern Los Angeles as more youth gangs Joined; at one point they outnumbered non-crip gangs by 3 to 1, sparking disputes with non-crip gangs, including the L. A. Brims, Athens Parks Boys, the Bishops and the Denver Lanes. The Crips eventually became the most powerful gang in California. In response, all of the other rival gangs, including the Pirus, formed an alliance that later became the Bloods. Along with friends, Williams and Washington created the initial intent of continuing the revolutionary ideology of the 960s. These aspirations were unattainable because of a general lack of political leadership and guidance. Washington and Williams were never able to develop an agenda for social change within the community. By 1971 the gang’s notoriety had spread across Los Angeles. The Gang became increasingly violent as they attempted to expand their turf. By the early 1980s the gang was heavily involved with drug trade, majority being crack cocaine. In 1971, a Crip set on Piru Street, Compton known as the Piru Street Boys was formed. After two years of peace, a feud began between he Piru Street Boys and the other Crip sets. It would later turn violent as gang warfare ensued between former allies. This battle continued until the mid 1970s when the Piru Street Boys wanted to call an end to the violence and called a meeting witn other gangs that were targeted by the Crips. Atter a long discussion, the Pirus broke off all connections to the Crips and started an organization that would later be called the Bloods, a street gang infamous for its rivalry with the Crips. For many years, Crips were characterized by their tendency to wear blue in order to easily dentify each other. One suggested origin of the selected color is traced to the school colors of Washington High School in South L. A. Another theory is the co-founder, Stanley Williams, had a good and close friend called â€Å"Buddha†, who wore blue shirts, khakis, shoes, and a blue bandana from his back left pocket. When Buddha died, Williams made blue the Crip color in honor of Buddha. A particular set of Crips, the Grape Street Crips, have been known to wear purple in addition to blue. The Shotgun Crips are separated into three sub-sets: The Nine, 139th Street; The Foe, 134th street; nd the Deuce, 132nd street in the city of Gardena, California and have been known to wear dark green, the city color of Gardena, in addition to blue to show that the Shotgun Crips are from Gardena. Crips also wear blue bandanas and British Knights sport shoes, which the Crips use BK as a acronym meaning â€Å"Blood Killas†. How to cite Informative essy, Papers

Basic Differences In Perception Of Man Nature free essay sample

Basic Differences In Perception Of Man, Nature And Time In Medieval And Renaissance Literature Essay, Research Paper Basic differences in perceptual experience of adult male, nature and clip in Medieval and Renaissance literature Time of Medieval literature started with the autumn of the Roman imperium in fifth century A.D. People were on the highest degree of brutality, adult male got all what he could, he did non hold ends any longer. This was clip of changeless wars and instability. But universe could non halt develop and in the consequence three analogue manners in literature started to develop at the same clip: 1 ) literature of heathen traditions what largely includes folklore of provincials. They could non compose and read in Latin and Greek jet, so traditions went through the centuries orally and in their used linguistic communication ; 2 ) functionary church and province literature. Christianity was made as a kind of superstructure and about everything were depended on it, besides literature did ; 3 ) feudal or knights? literature. It was written by knights and described their manner of life. The clip of Renaissance started to develop in thirteenth century. It was clip when adult male got across to the civilization of new clip. Man became antifeudal in footing of his head. He became societal, anticlerical, and human. Man started to believe in himself, that he is originative and witting animal in this universe. Literature came back to the values of the ancient times. Man To my head, perceptual experience of adult male in each clip foremost is a hero. He merely differentiates. The hero of Medieval literature was adult male normally born from adult male and some sort of animate being, as in instance with old English epos? Beowulf? , his mane means the boy of bear. He besides was the adult male sent by God to contend with immorality. ? But the Lord wove the webs of fate, gave the Geats success in their battle, aid and support, in such a manner that all were enabled to get the better of their enemy through the strength of one adult male. ? ? Beowulf? The Renaissance new political orientation came with new hero, of class. He was simple adult male as all we are. He lives between us and merely you think is he or non sent by God. He looked like: ? a knight, a reputable adult male, who from the minute that he foremost began Compaining, had cherished the profession Of Weaponries, he besides prized trustiness, Liberality, celebrity, and courteousness. ? Geoffrey Chauser? Canterbury narratives? Of class, the chief undertakings of hero is to protect himself, his household, his state, his state. It is brilliantly shown in Medieval literature because this clip literature contains descriptions of male monarchs, defenders, or weather hearted knights, his battles in conflicts, and their selflessness in province protection: ? Grain ruled the Danes a long clip after his male parent? s decease, and to him Healfdene, fierce in conflict, who regulations until he was old? ? Beowulf? It seems that the simple adult male who was non at least a knight could non be sung the monetary value. At this clip adult male was witting of himself as a member of a race, people, or household? merely through some general class so he had to be something more than a human to be hero. He besides was non afraid of decease, he should hold heroic decease and strong belief of another, grater life after decease. But Renaissance with its hew political orientation brought a new hero. This adult male understood that he should go forth after his decease household, chef-doeuvre, or work but at the same clip he besides understood that he lives a individual clip. ? Men fear decease, as kids fear to travel in the dark: and as that natural fright in kids is increased with narratives, so is the other? said Francis Bacon in his essay? Of Death? . Renaissance in its footing considers that the hero could be everyone even a individual who is non a Christian. Man was one a religious person and recognized himself as such, as strong personality: ? A adult male? s nature runs either to herbs or weeds ; hence let him seasonably H2O the one, and destruct the other? Francis Bacon? Of Nature in Man? Because of strong influence of Catholic church on people in the Medieval clip here could non be stronger love to anyone but God. Man? s love to adult female was non described much in Medieval literature merely because adult female was non considered as human. The Church was non believing that adult female had soul. But anyhow adult female ever was close to her adult male: ? ? .. the baronial Danish queen went to sit beside her Godhead? ? Beowulf? Man of Renaissance came to decision that there is non greater love on the universe than love to adult females. He showed his adore, described her beauty, her influence on his life, etc. Man was non afraid to demo his Delaware epest wants and dreams: ? And I will thee beds of roses, And a 1000 fragrant poises ; A cap of flower, and a kirtle Embroidered all with foliages of Vinca minor? . Christopher Marlowe? The shepherd? s vocal to his love? With this started of new epoch in poesy? love poesy. Such poets as Dante and Petrarca were the first who did it. Their poesy is considered one of the best in the universe up to modern times. Many great ulterior poets learned from them how to demo feelings by agencies of literature. But as I said in Medieval times love to Jesus Christ was on the first topographic point. So most of literature works showed it, besides church literature people described God that their imagined him: ? Then the immature warrior, God mighty stripped Himself, house and unflinching, He dimed upon the cross, brave earlier many, to deliver world? ? The Dream of the Rood? ( The Dream of the Cross ) But fundamentally it was simple retelling of the Bible on ain used linguistic communication. Renaissance alternated a new belief called humanitarianism. That is belief in values of adult male ; in his right to liberate development of ability. This new belief became really popular among world that church said them atheists and started concealed war to them. But thanks to the humanitarianism political orientation adult male did several great finds that originally could non be connected to church tenet. Nature Now we could non conceive of modern literature without descriptions of nature. During perceptual experience of literary work you feel what writer is seeking to state by description of nature, how it interrelates with his feelings. But it is know when we know much about stylistic surveies. Medieval clip literature differs with that there is non much nature descriptions, likely because adult male did cognize how to state and link it with narrative of the hero. But anyway we can happen it: ? the foamy? necked ship? . ? ? . Had gone so far that the mariners saw land, reflecting shore drops and immerse mountains? ? Beowulf? So we see that nature descriptions was really hapless merely said facts about it. Probably it was influence of this clip when people were believing much about their psyche and good helping to God. Renaissance poets, chiefly, started to convey nature into literature as something really near to adult male. They compared it with adult male? s life: spring was the same as young person or falling in love, fall meant old age, etc. There besides appeared simple descriptions of beautiful topographic points non merely in pictures but in literature as well: ? There were hills which garnished their proud tallness with baronial trees ; low vales, whose base estate seemed comforted with the refreshing of Ag rivers ; hayfields, enameled with all kinds of oculus? delighting flowers? Sir Philip Sidney? Description of Arcadia? I think that with epoch of Renaissance adult male got across that nature is such thing he is really closely related to. He understood that everything develops due to something and why it could non be nature? Time Old heroic poem vocals from Medieval literature do non incorporate such thing as saying the clip of go oning. It resembles to fairy narratives because it has the same introductory words: ? Listen: You have heard of the Danish Kings In the old yearss and how They were great warriors? ? Beowulf? or ? One dark, after a beer party? ? ? Beowulf? To my head, people were non numbering old ages yet in Middle ages. The numeration order changed many times and it was more easy to number ages by seasons. I think adult male of Early Middle ages did non believe much about age merely because he believed in immortality. In Renaissance adult male started to pay attending to show. He came to decision that likely there is something after decease but cipher knows what. By populating for present Renaissance adult male understood that clip is traveling on and neer comes back. He started to split it on periods, tag his accomplishments. Time and unrecorded became really connected and of import because adult male should make his undertaking in clip. Two different epochs? two great epochs? Medieval and Renaissance brought new lasting values to mankind. Now we have great possibility to take the best from both of beginnings and by aid of it serve to God and mankind every bit good as it is possible. List of literature: An Anthology of English Medieval and Renaissance Literature: S. Ankrava, I. Pan? ze, 1998, R? tabun The old Anglo-Saxon heroic poem vocal? Beowulf? , Modern English interlingual rendition ? rzemju literat? ras V? sture. Viduslaiki un renesanse: V. ? irmunskis ; 1968, Zvaigzne, R? tabun # 1055 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; : 1997, # 1044 ; # 1072 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1089 ;

Russian History 1917 Essays - Asia, European People, Russian Empire

Russian History 1917 Russia has always played a major roll in global politics, economics and thought. However, in the past two centuries, Russia has had probably the greatest influence on the international world in modern times, surpassed only by the United States. The Russia that we've known this century though, has its roots in last centuries Russian. At the end of the nineteenth century, Russia experienced great changes internally, politically, socially and spiritually. The half century leading up to the Communist revolution in 1917 was a time filled with sweeping changes, literary triumphs and military defeat. All of these factors played in the eventual revolution and not only affected politics and thought in Russia, but in every nation on earth. After the defeat of the Russian army in the Crimean War, Russian realized that it needed to modernize its country, socially and militarily. Alexander II realized that to modernize mean that Russia needed to westernize. So in 1861 he emancipated the serfs from bondage. The emancipation was mean to bridge the gap between the elite and the general population, but was not the first of such liberal western type reforms. Catherine and Peter the Great had also made western type reforms during their respective reigns. All of their reforms, and especially Alexander's, were influenced by western thought. These thought were introduced into Russia by its Western European educated ruling class. Under Alexander II, the ruling class began to see serfdom as an immoral part of society. This moral problem was accompanied by the economics of the day, and the ethical conclusion was that serfdom must be dismantled. The abolition of serfdom was Alexander II greatest contribution to history. However, the 'Liberating Czar' enacted a whole series of fundamental changes including; comprehensive reform of the judicial system that finally introduced the unheard of idea of equality, trial by jury, public proceedings in legal matters and the impartiality of the courts. In the end though, none of these reforms really solved any of Russia's social or economic problems, eventually called the 'accursed questions'. These were taken up by the various political groups and writers of the time. The writers however were the most important. To Russians, the writer is not only looked upon as an artist of the word, but also as a guide and teacher in a deeper sense. The writer is supposed to understand life better than ordinary mortals, so it's his duty to impart this knowledge to others in appropriate shape and form. The reign of Alexander II was an age of great literary achievement, the 'Golden Age' of the Russian novel. Almost all of the great works of Russian fiction were produced during this time. The best minds were attracted to the novel, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and Asakov all produced some of the greatest literary works of all time during this period. All of the writers during this time belonged to a political school of thought, and while some of the schools worked for similar aims, they were all different and each one possessed its own unique ideals. The Slavophiles were probably the oldest of the political schools at the time. The Slavophiles during the reign of Alexander II were of the second generation, and they were the ones to turn the Slavophile myth of old into a real modern political program. This program included the endorsement of the Orthodox religion and a patrimonial monarchy. The Slavophiles believed in the inherent virtue and goodness of the Russian people and culture. A main part of this culture was the ideal of 'sobornost', that is, the communal spirit. The Slavophiles saw this in action in the peasant communes, and believed that communalism in conjunction with Christian communal worship would become the source of Russia's sorely needed moral and cultural regeneration. In accordance with Russia's regeneration, Slavophiles saw the west as corrupt and immoral. They saw Russia's destiny as one in which it would save the west from spiritual decay. Fyodor Dostoevsky was Slavophilisms more down-to-earth and democratic member. He was also the movements' most effective proponent. In his book Discourse on Pushkin, Dostoevsky describes the Slavophile position. The major opponents of the Slavophile position were the western influenced Nihilists. These leftist radicals rejected religion, the authority of

Odysseus Essay

Odysseus Essay Odysseus Essay Categories Characters Setting Goal (What are they trying to achieve?) Obstacles (What prevents them from achieving Response (How do they respond to solve problems they face?) Consequence (How does this experience change them as individuals and/or a group?) Odysseus (What does Odysseus do? What do his actions reveal about the kind of Book 9 Polychemus Book 10 Circe,Eurylochus Land of the Cyclopes They goal was to escape from Polychemus’s cave and return to Ithaca Circe’s island Book 12 Sirens,Scylla,Charybdis,Euryloch us Island of the Sun Book 21 Penlope,Telemachus Book 22 Antinous,Athena Ithaca Ithaca Escape from Circe and Escape from the sea monsters and go back to Ithaca return to Ithaca Win the contest for Penelope’s hand To kill all the suitors Polychemus capture Odysseus and his men in his cave Circe Transform Odysseus men into pigs Charybdis Scylla and Zeus destroy Odysseus’s ship The suitors don’t let Odysseus to participate in the contest Antinous and the suitors want to kill Odysseus Odysseus and his men left Polychemus blind and escape by hiding in rams Odysseus tricked Circe and then kill her Odysseus tell his men to put wax Odysseus sends an in they ears so they can’t listen the arrow straight through sirens sing the ax heads Odysseus puts an arrow through his throat and then chopped all the others suitors Most of the men in the group die now they know that they have a clever leader All the men are grateful that Odysseus come back and save them risking his own life Now Odysseus is along in his long Now Odysseus is more journey close to recover his old life The whole family is united again Telemachus ,Penelope and Odysseus Odysseus

Demerger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Demerger - Essay Example The segmentation strategies of both Daimler-Chrsyler not only enabled both companies to attain wider customer markets but also fresh chances for the expansion of their automobile lines. On the other hand, the only significant disadvantage in the demerging procedures of Daimler-Chrsyler was the internal adjustments that both companies had to endure particularly in budgeting their endeavors and initiatives. But all in all, the demerging of Daimler-Chrsyler had a positive impact on the succeeding profits of both companies in spite of the fact the demerger mandated both companies to regain their individual company designations. As the American automobile industry became aware of the effects of the demerger of Daimler-Chrsyler to their present system, other American automobile companies had been able to utilize this knowledge to get and maintain a control mechanism to enable them to become top organizations in the world market. In this way, the utilization of demergers and modernization had supported the US automobile industry to become competitive in the world market. The demerger of Daimler-Chrsyler enabled the fundamental enhancement in the economic progress of the American economy and significantly improved financial gains in the aftermath of transferring income and taxes to the American authorities. The demerger of Daimler-Chrsyler will defin

The Role of the Principal Officer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Role of the Principal Officer - Essay Example The position of Principal Officer has an expanding role through the implementation of shared service, NOMIS, the Phoenix Program, and contestability. These programs not only demand a greater accountability of our resources, but also allows us a vision of where we fit in the organisation. Ultimately it can reach beyond human resource management and allow us to see the Service as the single entity it has become by tying us together through technology. The Principal Officer has many responsibilities and obligations under NOMS. We have a primary obligation to offer the prisoners a safe and healthy environment while encouraging skills programs. We likewise have a duty to provide our employees with a safe workplace and the tools they need to accomplish their job. We're bound by our mission to provide the public with the assurance that released prisoners will make an easy transition back into the community. We additionally need to commit to assuring that prisoners will not re-offend. Our obligation extends to other departments such as health and safety, police, probation and court systems. We need to interact with these agencies to provide them with timely and accurate information and offer plans and proposals in a continuing effort to improve our service. We have a responsibility to the Service to follow policies and procedures and insure fiscal efficiency. The effective Principal Officer will be able to balance these responsibilities as they compete for time and resources. The competent Principal Officer must be a good listener. To facilitate change it is necessary to evaluate how the changes are affecting the people that work for you and with you. Employee feedback is a valuable tool to gain knowledge of what we are doing right or what we are doing wrong. Employees need to feel free to comment and offer suggestions or criticism in an open environment. A well placed trust in the workforce and a view of the staff as trained professionals who are motivated to do an outstanding job will insure open communication with the Principal Officer. Motivating our employees is a many sided endeavour. We first listen and then we take action as deemed appropriate. We need to be proactive in the areas of fairness and respect. Regular meetings with employees to insure that they have an in depth understanding of frequently changing policies will allow workers to perform their jobs with confidence. Encouraging diversity is a way to bring in new ideas and methods and is critical to our continued improvement. Timely and adequate assessment of job performance is also crucial to keeping employees striving to succeed and excel. People need to be recognised for their outstanding efforts and rewarded accordingly. Along with recognition and rewards, we need to offer our employees a clear career path with focused career goals. This helps the employees remain involved with their work and offers them a reason to excel and the motivation to meet our organisational objectives. This will not only aid in retention of our quality employees, but will also attract a higher quality workforce. By providing clear career objectives we will produce a climate that can offer improved performance and greater dedication. As important as it is to interact with other agencies, the Principal Officer also must interact with their employees and involve them in the day to day operation of the system.

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 69

Summary - Essay Example India has made well-publicized progress especially in technical education, and we also see that China has not held back.  These two countries have a breathtaking level and pace of investment. As clearly observed, China reforms led to the creation of 22 million new businesses employing 135 million people who would have remained peasants. This has greatly been facilitated through creation of Special Economic Zones where foreign companies which are willing to build modern factories hire cheap labor, and are exempted from taxes, leaving it to the government to build roads and other infrastructure needed (Faigley & Jack 394). The â€Å"big elephant phenomenon† has been mainly due to the removal of barriers to the flow of capital from abroad. This has led to the rise of very effective and internationally competitive softwares and IT, together with the influx of multinational corporations like Starbucks and MacDonald’s, which have several branches in these two countries, thus elevating the country from the crisis of 77% living on 2$ a day.   These two countries have embraced the fact that technology is only one dimension of international competitiveness, and that low labor cost is one more.  We are individualists in our personal ambitions but we either follow or fail as one people in our search for economic progress (Faigley & Jack

Theories Of Language Acquisition

Theories Of Language Acquisition This essay will deal with three theories of language acquisition: the linguistic theory, behaviourist theory and social interactionist theory. Each theory will include an explanation of the theory, a look at whether it is nativist or empirical, whether the evidence is more focused on competence or performance, the evidence supporting and criticising the theories and examples of how the theories apply to the areas of speech and language therapy will also be looked at. The concept of a language faculty was first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1976 and suggested that humans have an innate knowledge of grammar which has two levels of linguistic processing; deep structure and surface structure. Level one incorporates phrase structure rules which are the basic relationships underlying all sentence organisation in all languages. Level two incorporates transformational rules that govern the rearrangement of the phrase structure rules based on a specific structure. He suggested that humans have a language acquisition device -replaced by Universal Grammar in his later work- that allows us to create symbols and organise communicative expressions. Harley (2008). He argues that it is acquired at a time when the childs intellectual capabilities are not yet developed and therefore cannot be dependent on cognition. Harley (2008) Recently Chomsky has revised some of his previous claims and his more recent approaches are the Minimalist Program and the Principles and Parameters theory. Chomsky refers to the idea of parameter setting to explain the acquisition of different languages, that exposure to a specific language is constrained by switches that are set off within a certain environment. Harley (2008). An example of a parameter setting is whether a language is pro-drop or not. If a child is exposed to a pro-drop language such as Italian or Spanish they automatically know that they are allowed to drop the pronoun, whereas an English language learner will have the parameter setting at non-pro-drop, and keep the pronoun. According to Chomsky, as cited in Harley (2008) the language faculty should involve a cognitive system that holds information, and a performance system that can use this information. Competence-which is a persons knowledge of language involving the rules of grammar-, is favoured over performance within linguistic theory. The focus of language learning in linguistic theory is on the child. Unlike in behaviourism, the environment does not shape or train verbal behaviour. Berko Gleason (2005). Nativists follow the idea that language is much too complex a process to learn and that it is learnt at such a fast rate, that it would be impossible for it not to be innate. Lennebergs critical period hypothesis states that language development occurs during a critical period of a childs life and that certain linguistic events must take place in order for it to progress. Harley (2008). However, evidence from second language acquisition research shows that this can be true for phonological and syntactic development, but research has shown that it is not a perfect test of the critical theory hypothesis overall, as second language learners will have already acquired a first language. Harley (2008). Supporting evidence cross-linguistically shows that regardless of the word order of a language, subject-object order is followed by children, which proves the existence of a language acquisition device universally. Berko Gleason (2005). If children are deprived of linguistic input during the critical period, studies have shown they are unable to acquire language normally, as is the case with Genie. Genie was a normal child who suffered extreme abuse in her home and spent most of her time tied up in isolation, so she was unexposed to speech from a young age. Because of this abuse, she was deprived physically and socially and her linguistic skills were undeveloped. When she was taken into care at almost 14 years of age, Genie was taught language but she never reached full fluency. She learned certain syntactic structures but her case proves that a limited amount of language can be learnt once the critical period has been passed. Harley (2008) Contrary evidence claims that just language alone is not sufficient to acquire language, that input is necessary and that the influence of environmental factors cannot be ignored. Pinkers (1984) poverty of stimulus idea offers that just because someone cannot imagine how a particular behaviour might have been learned, it does not mean it was not learned. Berko Gleason (2005) Chomsky does not focus on the link between syntax and semantics though he does refer to it in his book Syntactic structures with the quote colourless green ideas sleep furiously which shows an example of a syntactically correct sentence lacking meaning. In terms of how linguistic theory applies to the area of speech and language therapy, an explanation of aphasia and agrammatism is necessary. Aphasia is a language disorder that results from brain damage caused by disease, stroke or brain trauma. The main characteristics of one type of aphasia, Brocas, are; the speech being telegraphic, which means that articles, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliary verbs and pronouns and morphological inflections are omitted. Agrammatism is a feature of BrocaÂÂ ´s aphasia and the various linguistic theories that deal with agrammatism are; trace deletion hypothesis, theta assigning principle, double dependency hypothesis and tree pruning hypothesis. Edwards (2005).One of these theories, the tree pruning hypothesis, is an example of how the syntax of a language can be affected. The impairment occurs on the highest nodes of the syntactic tree and in English, this means that Wh questions and yes/no questions are affected, although in other languag es, it can vary. The impairments are in word order, in embedded clauses and inflection for tense. Edwards (2005). While a syntactic explanation for language impairments in BrocaÂÂ ´s aphasia and agrammatism can show what needs to be worked on in therapy, the exact nature of the deficits are different depending on whether it is a production or comprehension deficit so the speech and language therapy case management plan would have to be modified depending on which one it is. In contrast to the linguistic emphasis on language use, the behavioural emphasis was mainly developed by the psychologist BF Skinner in his book Verbal Behaviour (1957).His basic premise is that children learn to talk because of imitation and reinforcement. Despite many variants of hypotheses concerning behaviourism, most theories consist of the idea that language is a subset of a behaviour which is learned through connections between a stimulus and a response. Owens (2008). They agree that there are some internal connections with language learning in the brain yet disagree with the idea of specific internal structures and suggest further research is necessary to understand the processes. Berko Gleason (2005) In comparison to linguistic theory where the focus is on competence, performance is highlighted more in behaviourism. Skinner (1957) described language as being something we do and that it is a learned behaviour like any other skill. Contrary to nativists, he claimed that syntactic forms were not important and defined language as verbal behaviour since a child is unable to create a rule and thus shaped by external stimuli (parents). The idea that language is a learnt behaviour opposes that of nativism. Skinner (1957) claimed that parental reinforcement allows a child to acquire language and that it is a process of imitation that a child must work at. In this model, children are seen as passive recipients of language training and it is suggested by Skinner that the child has no active role in acquisition. According to Whitehurst and Novak (1973) after a lot of trial-and-error modelling the adult role-models in the environment-by shaping and imitation training-reinforcement and punishment will improve childrens speech output. An example of this reinforcement is soothing or attending to the child when they produce correct speech sounds. It is said that with enough sound samples, the child will learn a word association pattern rather than rules of grammar. Owens (2008). What is suggested is that language behaviour is shaped by the environment and not governed by rules or maturation, unlike in Chomskys generativist a pproach. Supporting evidence for behaviourism include studies of both disordered and normal children. Since Skinners research, environmental input is considered an essential part of the acquisition of language, despite Chomskys conclusion that Skinners work was premature. Owens (2008). Lovaass (1977) advancement with behavioural modification of children with autism has shown that techniques such as shaping and reinforcement assist children with restricted speech abilities. It should be noted that despite this discovery, it is unclear how the acquisition process differs between normal and disordered children. In a 1968 study by Palermo and Eberhart, adults were shown to follow the same learning patterns as children, when they were taught an artificial language. Evidence against behaviourism shows that while lab studies on adults show positive results, they do not provide a full explanation on how children acquire language since they are not done in a childs environment. Adults also provide a poor model of imitation as their grammar is full of errors, dialects and slang. What this shows is that children do not copy parents because how could they select correct speech over erroneous speech? Additionally, research by Brown and Hanlon from 1970 shows that children are not punished or rewarded for using certain utterances and the main focus of correction or reward is more on the semantics than the syntax. What this shows is that in behaviourism, input is focused on excessively and is inadequate at explaining the full gamut of what is required to learn a language. Berko Gleason (2005) As previously mentioned, behaviourism has been useful in speech and language therapy in the area of autism. With the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), communication for children with autism can be vastly improved and act as an aid in devising strategies for solving issues and improving the standard of living for people. The interactionist approach puts forward the idea that a variety of factors influence the language development of a child, while using a mix of the linguistic and behavioural approaches. There are three different approaches concerning interactionism; Piagets cognitive theory, information processing and the social interactionist theory. Piagets interactive approach focuses on constructivism, which is the idea that linguistic structures are the emergent properties of language. His idea that childrens processes are essentially different to adults would also have an effect on language acquisition. The second approach sees cognition as being computational, deriving patterns from data while assuming the mind as a type of software and the brain as hardware. The third approach is one that will be focused on here and it concerns the social interactionist theory. According to Vygotsky (1962) cognitive and social factors can influence the development of language acquisition, which in turn can have a reciprocal influence on cognition and social abilities. Social interactionists believe that children influence their parents in their acquisition of language and that they and the language environment work together as a dynamic system. Berko Gleason (2005) In terms of competence and performance, interactionists need more performance input than what is suggested by generativists. Parents must provide the communication aids that children need in order to acquire language. According to Vygotsky (1962) language is only initially something used for young children to interact socially and is only developed over time to become something else. Interactionists also believe that maturation and cognition are an essential part of language acquisition and that until a child is at a certain level of cognition; they will be unable to acquire language. Similar to behaviourists, the environment is where interactionists believe language skills appear, but more emphasis is placed on social development than on Piagets cognitive development. Non-linguistic elements (turn-taking, mutual gaze and joint attention) are necessary for social development along with motherese, or child-directed speech (CDS) which is a specific way of speaking to children that differs to how adults communicate with one another. Bruner, as cited in Harley (2008) claims language development occurs within a language acquisition socialization system (LASS) which contains these innate non-linguistic elements. In positively evaluating this theory, those in favour, believe that CDS is an assisting factor in child language acquisition. This is confirmed by studies of fourteen different languages and proves that infants have preference over this kind of speech. In a study by De Casper and Fifer from 1980, infants are found to prefer their own Mothers CDS over another Mothers CDS. Berko Gleason (2005). In a study cited in Berko Gleason (2005), by Tomasello and Farrar from (1986), it appears that Mothers who focus on the object of their childs gaze have children who speak their first words earlier and also have larger vocabularies. Despite positive evidence from studies, detailed analysis on how development is influenced by social interactions is insufficient. As already mentioned, evidence suggests further testing is needed in the area of social interactionism. An explanation for the lack of detail is provided by Berko Gleason (2005) and suggests two of the issues with this theory are that it does not exist in all languages, and it has not been in existence for the same length of time as other theories, so may not have the counter evidence to compare it to. To date, studies have shown the difference of features between CDS and adult-like speech, yet the existence of these patterns does not prove the assistance in the acquisition of language for children. A suggestion is made by Baker and Nelson, cited in Berko Gleason (2005) that it is difficult to know whether language development is caused by parents lack of communication or childrens. Research of language delays in neglected children suggest that the childrens impairments may de-motivate parents with the result being neglectful parenting. An example where social interactionism can assist in the area of speech and language therapy is the previously mentioned example of Genie. Genies experience of neglect highlights the evidence that the correct environment is necessary for language learning, that a specific social context is required for normal language learning to occur. This knowledge can assist in the assessment and evaluation of a neglected child. Another example, such as the Hanen programme, is based on the social interactionist model where parents facilitate language learning in everyday situations, but as it requires a lot of parental input at home, it may be a difficult kind of intervention to apply in practice. To conclude the social interactionist analysis, this approach takes from both the linguistic theory in terms of children having an innate specialized language device and from the behaviourist theory; it values the influence of the environment on language acquisition. This essay looked at three theories of language acquisition: the linguistic theory, behaviourist theory and social interactionist theory. Each theory included an explanation of the theory, discussed whether it took a nativist or empirical approach and whether the evidence was more focused on competence or performance. The evidence supporting and criticising the theories was included along with examples of how the theories applied to the areas of speech and language therapy.

The Hepatitis B Virus and Vaccination Essay -- Exploratory Essays Rese

The Hepatitis B Virus and Vaccination    The hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a long history of being shrouded in mystery concerning its cause and transmission and the treatment of its resulting symptoms and diseases. As more was learned about the virus in the first half of this century, it came to be identified largely with homosexuals and intravenous drug users. Due to its prevalence among such already marginalized members of society, hepatitis B was viewed as a highly stigmatized disease and further research concerning HBV was not a top priority in the United States. However, these sentiments have changed somewhat in the past several decades, due in part to the spread of HBV to a wider, non-stigmatized, segment of society. By studying more patients and devoting more research energy to HBV, the biology of the virus is more clearly understood. This increased biological knowledge provided for the development of a vaccine against hepatitis B. With the advent of a vaccine, hepatitis B has lost much of its stigmatization and, as a known and in many cases preventable disease, is now viewed much more favorably by the medical community. Controversy concerning HBV remains in the form of debate about the effectiveness, safety, and necessity of the vaccination, and this debate is better understood through an understanding of the history of HBV, development of the vaccination, and views towards both through time. The development of the HBV vaccine has followed a fairly straightforward and logical path. It is believed that HBV has been present in human populations for thousands of years, based primarily on descriptions of common hepatitis B symptoms in ancient texts (Blumberg, p. 402). However, since many of the mild symptoms of HBV are sha... ...cine is Life-Saving" [Online]Available: http://www.hepnet.com/hepb/news012599.html [February 26, 1999]. Blumberg, Baruch. (1988) "Hepatitis B Virus and the Carrier Problem" in Social Research , vol. 55, no. 3; pp. 401-412. Lee, Samuel, M.D. (1997) "Hepatitis Vaccination: Questions and Answers" [Online]Available: http://www.hepnet.com/update11.html [February 26, 1999]. Muraskin, William. (1995) The War Against Hepatitis B . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:University of Pennsylvania Press. Murray, Rosenthal, Kobayashi, and Pfaller. (1998) Medical Microbiology, 3rd Edition .St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby Publishing Co. pp. 526-532. Schumacher, Karin (Webmaster). (1999) "Hepatitis B Vaccine Reaction Reports Outnumber Reported Disease Cases in Children According to Vaccine Safety Group" [Online] Available: http://www.909shot.com/hepatitisb.htm [February 26, 1999].

Tesco

Value Chain Analysis According to Lynch (2003), value chain is defined as the links between key value adding activities and their interface with the support activities. Value chain has been implied as a strategic evaluation tool used for distinguishing the strengths and weaknesses in value adding processes (Audrestsch, 1995). The value chain of Tesco has been demonstrated in the following diagram: Fig 6: Value Addition in Value Chain of Tesco Inbound LogisticsThe overall cost leadership strategic management of Tesco is exhibited in its lean and agile inbound logistics function. Drawing upon Abeysinghe (2010), the company uses its leading market position and economies of scope as key bargaining powers to achieve low costs from its suppliers. The analysts have also highlighted the constant upgrading of their ordering system, approved vendor lists, and in-store processes to induce effectiveness and efficiency into the company’s inbound logistics operations.Operations Management T esco has been praised by a number of supply chain management critics for its effective use of IT systems that facilitate the company’s low cost leadership strategy. According to Tesco (2010), the company has invested over ? 76 million in streamlining its operations through their Tesco Digital program, which is a third generation ERP solution for the company. The company has achieved ? 550 million in increased profitability during 2009 alone due to the introduction of this system.This company -wide ERP system has also facilitated the minimisation of stock holdings within the company. Outbound Logistics Tesco holds leadership position in online and offline food retail segments, which is due to its efficient and effective outbound logistics. Drawing upon Mintel (2010), the company has developed a range of store formats and types, which are strategically placed to achieve maximum customer exposure. These formats include Express, Metro, Superstores, Extra and Homeplus, which are s egmented according to the target population.Marketing and Sales Loyalty programs like Tesco Clubcard are being introduced through information technology advances which dissuade the customers from switching over to their competitors. Tesco has introduced its Greener Living Scheme to give consumers advice on environmental issues, including how to reduce food waste and their carbon footprint when preparing meals . Services Tesco has been pursuing a dual strategy of cost leadership and differentiation, which has led to an increased importance placed on customer service.Drawing upon Keynote (2010), this dual strategy is exhibited through the development of self-service kiosks, financial services, focused direct marketing and promotions. In order to put Tesco’s value chain analysis into perspective, it should be noted that despite cost leadership strategy the company has been able to create a high degree of value in comparison with its key competitors. The relative analysis of the value created by the big four supermarket chains, i. e. , Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury’s and Morrisons has been provided as follows: Fig 7: Benchmarking Analysis: Cost as a Percentage of Sales Tesco For this report the organization that I have chosen is Tests and I will be explaining how they use deferent types of business communication to run their organization. I will be looking at all of the functions used by Tests to get an entire observation on the business communication used and the reasons why. I will Identify advantages and disadvantages of different methods used and Investigate strategic decisions made by Tests and what Information they used.Types of Information Example Description Purpose Sources Verbal Detects verbal Information could be a Tests Sales Assistant Interacting with a customer by trying to persuade the customer to buy one of their products and another example could be Tests staff making an announcement over the Tanana system about a lost child. Verbal communication is information that is shared between individuals by talking. It can be done in may different ways such as telephone, face to fact and meetings. The purpose for verbal communication inTests is t hey must respond quickly to any action that is needed to be sorted. The sources for Tests verbal information could be description of products or service. Written Deco's written information could be surveys and questionnaires for the customer service like What you think about fruit and vegetables? Another example is Tests displaying posters promoting their latest offers. Written communication can be interactive communication that is used in words or symbols to convey a message eke memos, emails, letters, reports, leaflets etc.The purpose of written information is that this will help Tests to understand how the customer feels about their services and products and also to understand where they are achieving and where they are failing. The sources for Tests written information are completed customer questionnaires, where Tests can review and make changes and adjustments to meet their customers' needs, for example customers requesting a bigger variety of fruit and vegetables. Tesco For this report the organization that I have chosen is Tests and I will be explaining how they use deferent types of business communication to run their organization. I will be looking at all of the functions used by Tests to get an entire observation on the business communication used and the reasons why. I will Identify advantages and disadvantages of different methods used and Investigate strategic decisions made by Tests and what Information they used.Types of Information Example Description Purpose Sources Verbal Detects verbal Information could be a Tests Sales Assistant Interacting with a customer by trying to persuade the customer to buy one of their products and another example could be Tests staff making an announcement over the Tanana system about a lost child. Verbal communication is information that is shared between individuals by talking. It can be done in may different ways such as telephone, face to fact and meetings. The purpose for verbal communication inTests is t hey must respond quickly to any action that is needed to be sorted. The sources for Tests verbal information could be description of products or service. Written Deco's written information could be surveys and questionnaires for the customer service like What you think about fruit and vegetables? Another example is Tests displaying posters promoting their latest offers. Written communication can be interactive communication that is used in words or symbols to convey a message eke memos, emails, letters, reports, leaflets etc.The purpose of written information is that this will help Tests to understand how the customer feels about their services and products and also to understand where they are achieving and where they are failing. The sources for Tests written information are completed customer questionnaires, where Tests can review and make changes and adjustments to meet their customers' needs, for example customers requesting a bigger variety of fruit and vegetables. ï » ¿Tesco Tesco is a British multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer headquartered in Chechens United Kingdom. Tesco is the third-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues. It has stores in 14 countries across Asia, Europe and North America and is the grocery market leader in the UK. In Tesco stores we can buy a huge range of food products and some non food product. Every successful business there is aim and objective behind them. Aims and objectives are the marketing targets that must be achieved for company to achieve its overall goals. The main aims of Tesco for 2012 are: 1.Offering customers the best value for money and the most competitive prices 2. Meeting the needs of customers by constantly seeking, and acting on, their opinions regarding innovation, product quality, choice, store facilities and service 3. Providing shareholders with progressive returns on their investment improving profitability through investment in efficient stores and distribution depots, in productivity improvements and in new technology 4. Developing the talents of its people through sound management and training practices, while rewarding them fairly with equal opportunities for all 5.Working closely with suppliers to build long term business relationships based on strict quality and price criteria 6. Supporting the well-being of the community and the protection of the environment Each objective needs to be SMART so that they are practical objectives that are capable of being monitored and achieved. SMART is an acronym, standing for specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time specific. Specific objectives need to have precise description. For example Tesco set an objective of at least 70% of people spent more than ?10 in Tesco. It needs to show clearly what the aim is.Measurable is an objective able to measure correctly so the manager knows their aim has been achieved or not. For example Tesco club card can record the money which customers spent at a period of time and what product do they choose. Achievable is an objective which not beyond the reach of the organisation and individual employee. For example Tesco mangers need to estimate the aim is feasible for Tesco. Relevant is an objective which able to help to achieve the aims of Tesco. For example open new stores can help achieve the aim of growth for Tesco. Time specific is an objective which set a time for finish and start.For example Tesco manger tells their employee to achieve the sales target in this week. Survival Survival means generating on aim at enough revenues to cover all the business expenses and so to break even. Survival is usually an aim at the start of the business. I am sure Tesco UK don’t make survival as an aim any more. This is because Tesco has been running since 1924 in UK. I believe when Tesco starting to break into the Northern Ireland market, their biggest aim is survival. To survival of Tesco has done lot of promotion to attract customer to build t he loyalty of the customer such as window displays, discount etc.As we see Tesco group sales is ?72bn this has grow from 7. 4% from last year. I think Tesco has been survival successfully in UK is because they have focused on 6 key points. They are service staff, stores formats, price value, range quality, brand marketing and Clicks Bricks. Those are the key point make customer has a nice shopping trip. Clicks Bricks is other option for customers to shop which is online shopping. Customers can use internet to enter online shopping wed side easily, also Tesco has offer Tesco online shopping app for customers. This can achieve Tosco’s objective of meeting customers need and starting to use new technology.However Tesco in the USA market started trading in 2007. Their brand name in USA is fresh & easy. I find this name is very good because it is assonated with health. Healthy eating is becoming a popular social trend. So this name can attract those people come to their supermarke t. This can achieve their aim of participating in the formulation of national food industry In March 2011 Tesco opened first stores in Northern California around San Francisco and the Bay Area. For those stores their aim for now is to survival, which means they destroyed by other competitor such as Kroger.After a Tesco has achieved the aim of survival, this shows Tesco has growth successfully. Tesco has set an objective of to be an outstanding international retailer in stores to help them to achieve the aim. Maximising stakeholder needs Maximising Stakeholder needs mean taking account of the different needs of people involved in the business. A stakeholder is anyone who is interested in the business. This could be the owner, manger, employees, bank, investor, suppliers. For Tesco maximising stakeholder needs means they need to meet the customer needs, having good relationships between suppliers and pay its employees a decent wage.Customers are very important for the Tesco business. Tesco must keep them happy, so Tesco can achieve their aim of maximising sale. If Tesco doesn’t satisfy make, the customer will complain about Tesco and not return to Tesco again. Also they will spend their money in other retailers. To attract and make those customers happy, Tesco has made an objective be to be a creator of highly valued brands, which means Tesco has own label appeals to different customer needs. Tesco has providing them with the quality products, the best value and the most competitive price.To achieved this aim Tesco done well in customer service. Their staff always help customer when they need to keep them happy. This help Tesco to achieve offering customers the best value for money and the most competitive prices. They also set the objective of build team so that create more value foe customer. There jobs is keep thinking how to create more value for them. They also use self check out services to give customers a new experience. Tesco also use the club ca rd system to give customer best value.For example if you collected 150 point on your club card, you will get ?1.5 to spend this money in Tesco. For Tesco club card use to know customer when, where spent their money in Tesco. Club card help Tesco achieve the objective of to be a creator of highly valued brands. And achieve their aim of offering customers the best value for money and the most competitive prices Also Tesco can see which product is most popular. To attract different groups of customer and give offer them good price. For example Tesco set up Baby & Toddler Club’s. This club is aim for parent, so they can get easier and save lot of money in exclusive offers.To get easier mean Tesco will help them every step of the way from bump to toddler with useful advice. Tesco also provide the cheapest price of product ‘Tesco Value’. This is very good for low income family. However the quality of product is not very good. If high income family want to buy high qual ity product, they can buy ‘First range’ product. As we know First range product are more expensive than ‘Tesco Value’ product. For example a Tesco Value tissue cost 65p and the first range tissues cost ?1. 25. Tesco has the objective of meeting the needs of  customer and create more value for customers.Tesco has well trained customer service staff. Also Tesco build teams to create more value and keeping up to date the need of customer in different area. Moreover Tesco has provided a user friendly website for customer to find out more information about Tesco. They have well trained staff to answer customer questionnaires. Tesco always continues to improve the customer service and meet customer needs by acting upon feedback. Those can help to keep sales of Tesco up. The staff in Tesco has many benefits. They are not just having good pay.Also Tesco offer a whole package of other ways to help staff make more of their money, safeguard their future and look aft er their health. For example, Tesco is offers flexible working hours, offering part-time roles and encouraging job-sharing opportunities and shift-swapping. Tesco also provide a Training Options Development Programmer, offering an Apprenticeship or encouraging the studying for a qualification whilst at work. Currents in Tesco there are 7,000 members of staff taking part on development programmer which is designed to help them gain the experience and skills they need to move on to the next Tesco challenge.This can help Tesco to achieve developing the talents of its people through sound management and training practices, while rewarding them fairly with equal opportunities for all. The other important stakeholders are investor and shareholders. Tesco can’t grow without them. For example if Tesco want to open a Tesco store in overseas country. They must have local investor put money in it and look after them. The benefits for the shareholders and investor in Tesco are Tesco is a successful business and I am sure they are making profits. This shareholders return will increase.Also the investors get good and fair dividend each year. This has achieved Tesco aim of providing shareholders with progressive returns on their investment improving profitability through investment in efficient stores. Maximizing sales revenue Maximizing sales revenue is an ambitious aim in which the business seeks to generate as much income as it can. For Tesco when it aims to maximize sales, Tesco make some products half prices to attract more customers to buy it. Tesco also use club card to do promotion. Customer use club card to get more points, so they buy more products and discount.Tesco also use TV advertising to increase revenue the product. TV advertising is expensive and needs lots of people to make an advertisement. However there are many people watching the TV. Now there are very useful and very popular promotions, which are mobile apps. People can use mobile everywhere. M obile apps allow people to find the nearest Tesco store from the customer and show how to get there. People also can use this app to shop for 1000’s product from Tesco direct. If people use club card, they can scan the club card to see vouchers and order club card Rewards.When people have free time they can sit at home to so the shopping online. This can make the sales of Tesco higher. This can achieve their objective of outstanding international online retailer. In Belfast Tesco offer petrol in one of the biggest stores. It can maximize the sales of shop. It can increase sales of product because customer must buy the petrol. Also it can achieve the objective of meeting customers need. Tesco has created their brand, so all brands under Tesco name all profit will be return. Tesco offer a wide range of products for customers to choose.From increases choice can increase the sales because customer can buy more kind of product than other supermarkets. When Tesco sell the chicken, they will show us how they cook the chicken. It makes the customer want to buy it. The layout of stores is very important. The most people come to supermarket to buy bread, so Tesco sell their bread at the end of the shop. This make customer walk thought the shop. Maybe the customers just want to buy bread, but come out with a lot of products in the check out. There also place their products at the front of the store or points of sale in order to increase sales revenue.This also achieves the objective of to be as strong in everything we sell as we are in food because food product helps increase the non food product Tesco always continues to improve the customer service and meet customer needs by acting upon feedback. Service can upgrade the value of Tesco for example Tesco provide good customers service, customers will shop more happily and customers would like to return to Tesco. If customers buy lots of products or large product Tesco will offer delivery services. More over custom er buy online product will get delivery servers as well.In every Tesco stores there are boards in the air show customer what kind of product in that area. This make customer easier to find the product they want. Tesco has service like Club card Helpline, Customer Service, the Tesco Direct Flowers & Wine Telephone Ordering Service and the early Grocery Home Shopping service. Those services can upgrade the value of Tesco and make customer want to buy more product. Moreover those service cam help Tesco increase their sales to achieve their aim of maximizing their sale. This can increase sale to achieve the aim of maximising profit.Maximizing Profit Maximizing profit means Tesco is attempting to make as much profit as possible, so this make the total revenue of the business exceeds all the total costs. Tesco going global, it can maximize its profits as its services and sales are greatly sort across the world. To be able to do it that Tesco need to retain loyal staff and customer. Tesco need to loyal of staff to create a good working environment between staff and the owner. So staff will be happy and they will work harder for the owner. Tesco also need to keep the shareholders happy by putting money in their pocket.And the most important thing is get their customer happy, so Tesco has keep their profit rising. Tesco group sale is ?72bn this has been growth 7. 4% from last year. This shows Tesco are growing lot of profit. Tesco can use their objective to achieve their aim of maximizing profit. Tesco can use the following objective of create of highly valued brands, growth, be strong in everything they sell as they are in food. Increase sales prices Tesco can increase sales prices on the product which is high demand product, for example Tesco could increase milk from 65p to 75p. Although it is only slight increase, it wills a big effect on profit making.However if Tesco increase prices for many product, they will start losing customers. This will be losing profit. Th erefore before setting new pines Tesco needs to take such issues who careful consideration. Decreasing cost of product Tesco can maximise profit by decreasing cost of product. Tesco can open more stores, so Tesco can get cheaper price on economic of sales by order more products. Tesco need to get good relationship with supplier. They can pay all the product or ingredients by cash, so it can save bit of money to maximise. Tesco can use all the ingredients to which they order.For example order a chicken or cow use all part of those animals to cook a dish. Tesco have their own brand product, so they can sell those products straight away after the production. This can save time, so Tesco have more time to sell those products to maximising profit. Sell a range of products Tesco need to sell as many kinds of product as they can to attract as many customers as possible to maximise their profit. Tesco have the objective of be strong in everything as in food. For example maybe there is a cus tomer just looking for milk in Tesco. Suddenly he sees a good TV then he decided to buy it.This shows range of product can attract customers to buy more products. Some product Tesco has provided different size to maximise profit for example there are different size of 7up which give customer to choose. If a customer wants to drink the 7up immediately they will buy the small bottler of drink. This show size of product can meet customer different needs and they will buy more, so Tesco can maximise their profit. Growth Growth means a business is increasing its size, either by employing more people, increasing it product range and opening more branches. This show Tesco has been growth strongly.Tesco has growth up to 13 countries. They have stores in China, India, Malaysia, South Korea, Thailand, Czech Republic, Hungary Ireland, Poland Slovakia, Turkey, and USA. Also there are over 500,000 employees’ works for Tesco. Tesco has become third biggest retailer in the world. In 1997 is the time Tesco start to growth the core business and diversify with new products and services in existing and new markets. From 1998 Tesco has expanding the range of product that sell, for example by stocking clothes, household products and electrical. During those years Tesco starts to offer car and house insurance, loans and credit card.In 2003 Tesco has entering to telephone market. This shows the new range of products has attracted new customers. This suggests that it will be easier for Tesco to achieve it aim of growth In 1924 Tesco start growth in UK. In 1995 Tesco started trading in Hungary and now there are 212 stores in Hungary. Tesco has achieved their objective of being an outstanding international retailer, new technology and protection of the environment. For example In Hungary Tesco has developed range of technologies to reduce our carbon emissions including solar panels on stores, natural refrigeration  systems and energy efficient lighting systems.The most success ful international business is in South Korea call Home plus. This business first opened in 1999 and now has more than 450 stores consisting of both large hypermarkets and small Express stores. Home plus has employed more than 27000 people. In each week there are more than 6m customers go into the shop to buy things. I think they have growth so successfully around the world because they give very good value for the customers and provide a big range of products. In the UK Tesco operates a home shopping service on the Tesco.com wedside.In May 1984, Tesco has become the world's first recorded online home shopper. Tesco has operated on the internet since 1994 and was the first retailer in the world to offer a robust home shopping service in 1996. Tesco has entered online music in 2004. In 2011 Tesco has brought Binkbox which is an online movie streaming. This has achieved the objective of to be an outstanding international online retailer and growth in UK core. It shows the increase of T esco’s selling space during the last decade. This chart also shows the growth of Tesco.(Source: Tesco annual reports) Tesco use quantitative and qualitative information to measure the degree to which they are achieving their aims and objective. In quantitative information, Tesco is looking for some number or figures. For example actual, target sales figures over time, number of people went to Tesco in a week, percentage of customer use the self check out service etc. Tesco will use club card data to find out the information. After find the information Tesco will know they have achieved the aim or objective or not.In qualitative information, Tesco is looking for some opinion from stakeholder. Tesco can done by questionnaires to customer ask them what they feel about Tesco and how Tesco meet their needs. Also Tesco can use consumer panels involves taking response from people who regularly sit on panels and give Tesco opinions on given products. That information can help Tesco t o achieve their aim and give some information about improvement. Overall Tesco is a very successful business. In 1924 only one person start the business of Tesco and now Tesco become the world third largest retailer.Before we only can find Tesco in UK, but now we can find Tesco across the world. This shows Tesco has achieved the aim of growth successfully. Most of Tesco stores have achieved the aim of survival which is very good. We also find Tesco try very hard to achieve fully to their aim of maximising profit and sale. Tesco also meet the stakeholder needs very well. They always find their way to make their employees, investor, suppliers and the most important stakeholder customer very happy. This is the reason why Tesco is the world third largest retailer.

English of Video Games Essay Example

English of Video Games Essay Example English of Video Games Essay English of Video Games Essay 2003) With the aim of make the most of videotapes in the learning process, cheer have to be very selective and accurate at the moment of choosing the material for a dynamic class, in order to avoid possible counterproductive effects or behaviors in students. To offset this weakness, we have to take into account that videotapes contain imaginary situations, and the most important is to make students or even our children be aware of it. So it meaner that those situations supposedly lived through the game are projected and created from the mind and idea of a person; we could refer to this person as the programmer of the videotape, hat programmer has set a determined number of situations that will respond to many different commands executed by the player.

Compare and contrast carters presentation of lady Atalanta and daisy duck Essays

Compare and contrast carters presentation of lady Atalanta and daisy duck   Essays Compare and contrast carters presentation of lady Atalanta and daisy duck   Essay Compare and contrast carters presentation of lady Atalanta and daisy duck   Essay Essay Topic: The Wild Duck A close analysis of Carters characters of Lady Atalanta and Delia Delaney in wise children will present several similarities and differences between the two. Both women were wives of Melchior hazard, but they vary greatly in terms of personality.The outcome of their personalities is backed up by carter with an insight into their family backgrounds, financial status, and early lives, presented through the character of Dora Chance in a series of anecdotes.Carter presents Delia Delaney as a somewhat extreme character, in contrast to the character of Lady Atalanta, although the idea that she does have morals is also conveyed throughout the novel at certain points, for example her reluctance to tell Genghis khan that the baby she is carrying is his although it is actually Melchiors. Delia was born in the Bronx, New York on what Dora refers to as the wrong side of the tracks. Unlike Lady Atalanta, Delias career escalated resulting in her becoming wealthy, maintainin g this wealth towards the later stages of her life. Her start in life was vastly different to what the glamorous exterior of the classic thirties blonde might indicate.She came from a family of several brothers and sisters, and her father was a fish peddler who was caught in a cross fire resulting in his death. Her family were poor, as Dora reveals she didnt have a pot to piss in. In the early stages of her life, she became a child star, referred to as little dolly daydream. Carter uses imagery to create a picture of Delia in the readers mind. She gives physical descriptions, commenting on her naturally nasal tone and the fact that she was one inch less than five foot, with a perfectly enormous head. The physical description of her is different to that of Lady Atalanta who is described as the most beautiful woman. Carter conveys Delia as quite a crude character, through her dialogue, and the way that Dora describes her to have danced on tables, and fancied older men. Her dialogue is also crude, as the first line of her dialogue in the novel is where does the orgy begin. .She was also willing to sleep with people in order to help her career, as she left lipstick on every pair of underpants further up the hierarchy.The theme of promiscuity is very prominent in the novel, presented through several of the characters including Dora and Nora; this presents the question of whether Delias provocative manner has influenced the twins into having sexual relations with a number of different partners, this idea is reinforced by the fact that her marriage with Melchior is extremely short lived and lasts only a few days before ending in divorce. Delias dialogue throughout the novel reflects the extremity and wildness of her character. She is conveyed as quite juvenile in that she has a lack of class, and self control. When receiving the phone call from Genghis Khans ex wife, she furiously ends the call throwing the phone and shouting DROP DEAD. Dora and Nora seem to approve of her despite her unladylike and somewhat irritating characteristics, although perhaps for trivial reasons. Dora liked the fact that Delia would lend her and Nora dresses, and always wanted to party. As well as the negative aspects of her personalities, Carter also conveys the idea that she is an extremely talented individual, showcasing this by the fact that she receives a role in the Hollywood film The dream.Lady Atalanta is a very different character to Delia Delaney. She is conveyed as a very respectable, controlled character. Born into a family of aristocracy, Lady A is a lady in her own right, although she later descends from wealth to poverty. At the beginning of the novel we see that she ends up living in the basement of Dora and Noras house, confined to a wheelchair because of an accident. This presents the question Dora asks herself, did she fall, or was she pushed? indicating that the accident could have been the fault of her daughters, Saskia and Imogen. A very resonant attribute of Lady As personality is her self control.All the way through the novel she retains the manner of a lady and has a consistently genteel fashion. Her life appears to be quite monotonous due to her condition. It is clear that she is still in love with Melchior after several years, as watching him on television makes her perk right up. She also has a large portrait of him hanging in her Sussex home. She doesnt have a great deal of dialogue throughout the novel, although towards the end she gives a dramatic speech about how Melchior has left her womb empty because his concentration became solely on his career rather than on family life. Dora says she got it all off her chest in one go, however astonishingly, as the outburst she has is rather poignant, she still maintains her calm, ladylike manner. Carter presents a deterioration of her career, as well as in her physical appearance. Not only does she end up in poverty, she also is confined to a wheelchair and growing old has had quite an effect on her, and taken the life out of her. She was described as the most beautiful woman of her time. in her early life.Carter uses language extremely skilfully to create both characters. She does this through physical appearance, use of dialogue, and opinions of other characters. She creates Lady Atalanta as a cultured, Ladylike, woman of gentility. She elaborates the physical characteristics of Lady A by creating a family background for her. Her well mannered personality reflects her aristocratic family, and her upper class childhood, also resulting in her very significant self control. She also conveys the idea that her childhood has had only good effects on her. Dora says there is not a scrap of harm in her- plus we owe her one from way back indicating that she is a kind woman, who causes no harm to others. She is also voluntarily a mother figure for Dora and Nora, even though they are not at all blood related. Carter creates sympathy for her in a number of diffe rent ways.The fact that shes been confined to a wheelchair, the fact that she is so in love with Melchior and can only be close to him by watching him on television, and also the idea that her own children dont respect her, as Saskia and imogen forced her to sign away her residence, leaving her poor in Brixton with Dora and Nora. Her dialogue is also extremely significant in creating her character. The way she speaks in a controlled ladylike manner contributes to her continually emotionless personality. Delia Delaneys character contrasts to that of Lady A, but is still created very skilfully through Carters use of language. Carter creates Delia as a woman of common vulgarity and unladylike characteristics, but also a woman of talent. The description of her physical appearance is extremely important in elaborating her character. Her talent is reflected through this. Dora reminisces on the fact that her face went from one side of the screen to the other indicating her celebrity status , and just how popular she was at the time of her fame. Her dialogue is also very significant in contributing to her crude persona. She had heart shaped pubic hair. Carter skilfully focuses on very minor details to convey the idea that although she wasnt a very attractive woman, she took pride in her appearance.Both women are similar in terms of career. They were both actresses although Lady A was Shakespearean and Delia was a Hollywood actress. They also both had relationships with Melchior and Peregrine, but both only married Melchior. They are vastly different in terms of early life, they came from contrasting financial situations and families, Lady A went from wealth to poverty, the opposite to Delia, also Lady A gained wealth from talent, as opposed to Delia who gained wealth from Melchior, and sexual relations with those in the fame industry.Carter skilfully creates differences between the two characters through dialogue, and the way Dora describes them. An extremely simplisti c and subtle, yet significant difference between them is their names. Lady Atalanta reflects someone from an aristocratic background, and the almost fictional name of Daisy duck reflects a Hollywood starlet, although the fact she changes her name to Delia Delaney does convey that she grows slightly more sensible with age. Carter successfully creates a range of similarities and differences between both characters, inventing two opposing characters that become increasingly interesting to the reader through her vivid descriptions and language.

International Construction Contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Construction Contracts - Essay Example Besides the central issue of construction, it has also dawned on me that the very legal backing behind the international engagements and more specifically the construction industry is the contractual agreements, thus the urge to understand the different aspects of construction has led me into digging deeper into the legal framework that creates the enabling environment binding both the contractor and the contracting party. Thus this study is zeroed in on international construction and international contracts. Information on these two is gathered from literature books on construction and legal books on international contracts an in depth study has also been conducted on various journal releases on construction. The study also includes information gathered orally from peers in the construction industry and though this research may not be satisfactory to all interested in the study, it will at least offer an insight into the issue. Local development has led to most companies devolving their incomes to other engagements and this has led to cross border trading and to a greater extent global trading. This has not been exceptional for construction companies which have extended their services to other countries well beyond their mother countries. This has been due to difference in technology, existence of conducive business environment and availability of liquid capital which has facilitated investment. However, engagement in foreign countries has definitely brought a need for regulatory measures which have been accorded through international contracts which bind the firms involved. A contract is a biding agreement between two firms or parties which draws expectations of each in regard to the other. (Pheng et al 2004) It is based on laws and since international agreements consist of more than one country, then there is need to consider the laws of these two countries. This again has brought in some technical aspec ts as all laws are not unanimous and each country has its own construction regulation laws as well as legal aspects that govern contracts. To overcome this discrepancy, a panel of individuals is drawn from countries with a common legal background such as the common wealth countries and they draw agreeable laws which are used in drawing a contract. These are the laws that are used to draw up international contracts and follow up a specific guideline and outline precisely the requirements and terms of the contract. In regard to the construction industry, there are certain agreed architectural and construction laws which govern international construction. (Chapman et al 2007) These must be abided by in order to ensure safety and quality for those who are subject to the constructions. This part of the research thus looks at certain aspects of the contracts specifically related to the construction industry. To ensure that this is tackled properly, the study will be divided into three parts. The first will tackle the success factors in international constructions, the second part will tackle the potential problems faced by international contractors and how these problems can be tackled and the final part discusses the future roles of international contracts. Conclusion Success factors These are factors that need to be considered before a construction engagement for they determine the success of the engagement. Project scouting This should always be the

Human Rights and the Ethiopian Government Essay

Human Rights and the Ethiopian Government - Essay Example The current government stands accused of acts that go against basic human rights and certainly in no way represent the will of the Ethiopian people for freedom and democracy. The Human Rights Watch website (www.hrw.org) has said that "the aftermath of Ethiopia's landmark May 2005 parliamentary elections has laid bare the deeply entrenched patterns of political repression, human rights abuse and impunity that characterize the day-to-day reality of governance in much of the country". Although the Ethiopian elections were of great interest to a world audience who felt that the democratic process was truly at work, the truth was that political groups were literally fighting it out for a place in debates and on the ballot boxes. The EPRF was busy coercing voters into a repeat result from the 2000 election with abusive tactics that the HRW researchers explain as "government officials and security forces in much of Ethiopia mak[ing] routine use of various forms of human rights abuse to deter and punish dissent" (Ibid.). These authority figures are retaining such abusive control over the Ethiopian population by citing terrorist plots and other security threats that will legitimately let officials detain 'suspects' and interrogate them for purposes that actually bear no relation to actual national security. The EPRF has effectively decided that any dissenting movement from that of their own party is therefore a national threat and as such they have treated members of the CUD and the United Ethiopian Democratic Forces as enemies of the state. The 2005 Amnesty International Report mentions that aside from citizen unrest within the country due to fear of torture and detainment, the government has also proposed new legislation that would put members of the press at risk of arrest for probing into what are deemed private parliamentary matters (Amnesty International Report 2005). Although international observers and internal watchdogs of the Ethiopian 2005 election reported that the results were in general in consensus with actual voting percentages, CUD and other opposition members maintained that there were a high number of uncounted ballots that might have made a significant difference to government. After refusing to accept the results of what they stated was a fixed election, CUD members decided that the official course of action would be civil disobedience. Thousands participated in the plan and this led to massive force on the part of the police, something that did no favors to the poor reputation of the EPRG in terms of human rights violations. After abusing these dissenters, the government maintained its official position and yet did little to change its image for the better both nationally and internationally. In the U.S. Department of State's "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices", fifteen different violations of human rights were reported in cluding unlawful killings, detentions of thousands without charge, government interference in union activities, self-censorship by journalists, government infringement on citizens' privacy rights and government

Full Ingreated Marketing Communication Plan Essay

Full Ingreated Marketing Communication Plan - Essay Example Its production has always been customer oriented backed by efficient result oriented real time research. It has an excellent management with a visionary marketing team who believes on thinking different and being ahead of competition. The team is aware of the marketing channels that can profit them more in terms of level of liquidity, goodwill and customer loyalty. It started it journey with an agriculture based vehicle which was renowned by the name Land Rover. In 1970, it came out with its first Range Rover. It was the first civilized vehicle manufactured by Land Rover keeping in mind the customers’ comfort. The models of the brand are the result of efficient customer insight and extensive research done by Land Rover. The car has been famous as a luxurious and fashionable 4*4 car. Market segment is one of the most important considerations for marketing communication. Since, Land Rover is a luxurious car; it is mostly focused on high income communities who have the means and the passion towards cars. Looking at its 4*4 feature, it is segmented under family car version of cars and its main target customers will be big old age personalities with family because it is they, who give importance to family and have time for them to be together and wish to travel together. They are also a segment who mostly gives high preference to comfort and quality then looks and fashion. Land Rover provides comfort, quality and luxurious status to its customers. The globalization has its impending effect on Land Rover that had many positive and negative effects for the company. Most important had been the fierce competition that started in the decade of 80’s. Its first competition was with Japanese automobile company like Mitsubishi and their manufactured general utility cars followed by BMW and many others. Land Rover had a whole lot of models that started with the name Land Rover itself followed by discovery